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1、農(nóng)學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)2014,4(1):99-106JournalofAgriculturewww.caaj.org當(dāng)前中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展面臨的問(wèn)題及對(duì)策1,2黃國(guó)勤（1江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)生態(tài)科學(xué)研究中心，南昌330045；2教育部/江西省作物生理生態(tài)與遺傳育種重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，南昌330045）摘要：2012年中國(guó)糧食總產(chǎn)量達(dá)5.9億t，首次實(shí)現(xiàn)了“九連增”——這是中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)歷史性的巨大成就，在世界農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展史上也是罕見(jiàn)的。然而，在取得巨大成就的同時(shí)，中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)仍面臨著諸多問(wèn)題。在廣泛調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上，認(rèn)為當(dāng)前中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)面臨著10個(gè)方面的突出問(wèn)題，即：耕地問(wèn)題、勞力問(wèn)題、畜力問(wèn)題、水利問(wèn)題、投入問(wèn)題、災(zāi)害問(wèn)題、生
2、態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題、資源浪費(fèi)問(wèn)題、經(jīng)營(yíng)規(guī)模問(wèn)題和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益問(wèn)題。這些問(wèn)題已對(duì)中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展造成極為不利的影響。針對(duì)上述問(wèn)題，為了實(shí)現(xiàn)新世紀(jì)新時(shí)期中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)持續(xù)、穩(wěn)定和健康發(fā)展，必須采取以下對(duì)策和措施：一是提高認(rèn)識(shí)；二是嚴(yán)格執(zhí)法；三是加強(qiáng)培訓(xùn)；四是提高效益；五是節(jié)約資源；六是保護(hù)環(huán)境；七是發(fā)展科技；八是夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。關(guān)鍵詞：農(nóng)業(yè)；發(fā)展；中國(guó)中圖分類號(hào)：S2文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A論文編號(hào)：2013-0381TheExistingProblemsandCountermeasuresoftheAgricultureDevelopmentinChina1,2HuangGuoqin(1ResearchCente
3、ronEcologicalSciences,JiangxiAgriculturalUniversity,Nanchang330045,Jiangxi,China;2KeyLaboratoryofCropPhysiology,EcologyandGeneticBreeding,MinistryofEducation,Nanchang330045,Jiangxi,China)Abstract:China’stotaloutputofgrainreached590milliontonin2012.Itwasthefirsttimeofthe“nineevenincrease”,w
4、hichwasthegreatachievementinChina’sagriculturalhistoryandwasrareinworld’sagriculturaldevelopmenthistory.However,atthesametimethetremendousachievementshadbeengotten,China’sagriculturewasstillfacingmanyproblems.Onthebasisofextensiveinvestigated,tenproblemswerefoundinthedevelopmentofthecurren
5、tChina’sagriculture.Thesewere:cultivatedlandproblem,laborproblem,animalpowerproblem,waterconservancyproblem,investmentproblem,disasterproblem,ecologicalenvironmentproblem,wasteofresourcesproblem,farmingscaleproblem,andeconomicbenefitproblem.Theseproblemshadextremeadverseeffectsontheagricul
6、turaldevelopmentinChina.Inresponsetotheseproblems,inordertoimplementthenewcenturyandtheneweraofChina’sagriculturaldevelopmentwithsustainable,stable,andhealthy,thefollowingcountermeasuresandmeasuresmustbetaken:thefirstwastoraiseawareness;thesecondwastoenforcethelawstrictly;thethirdwastostre
7、ngthentraining;thefourthwastoimproveefficiency;thefifthwastoconserveresources;thesixthwastoprotecttheenvironment;theseventhwastodevelopscienceandtechnology;andtheeighthwastosolidthefoundationofagriculture.Keywords:Agriculture;Development;China[1]0引言36.9%，首次實(shí)現(xiàn)了
