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1、10中國(guó)農(nóng)村水利水電·2015年第7期文章編號(hào):1007-2284(2015)07-0010-06水肥狀況對(duì)幼齡葡萄光合特性的影響研究龔萍,劉洪光,何新林(石河子大學(xué)水利建筑工程學(xué)院,新疆石河子832000)摘要:不同水肥條件下,土壤中水分和養(yǎng)分含量各不相同,作物的產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)也會(huì)因此受到影響,而作物的產(chǎn)量與品質(zhì)離不開(kāi)葉片光合作用。為了探究水肥耦合對(duì)葡萄光合特性的影響,對(duì)不同水肥配比條件下的葡萄植株的光合作用進(jìn)行觀測(cè)和分析,結(jié)果表明:在葡萄的各生育階段,光合速率與蒸騰速率均呈現(xiàn)先增加后降低的趨勢(shì),最大值都出現(xiàn)在果實(shí)膨大期。在9個(gè)不同水肥處理中,W2N1處理的光合速率值最大;W2N1、W2
2、N1、W3N1處理的蒸騰速率值均高于其他處理。光合速率的日變化呈現(xiàn)整體先升高再降低的趨勢(shì),最大值出現(xiàn)在10-12時(shí)之間,最小值出現(xiàn)在中午14時(shí);根據(jù)光合速率和蒸騰速率在果實(shí)膨大期的日變化,擬合出果實(shí)膨大期光合速率和蒸騰速率與水肥的定量關(guān)系,從蒸騰速率的日變化中發(fā)現(xiàn)總體上W1N1、W1N2、W1N3處理的葡萄蒸騰速率較高,水分消耗大;W2N1、W2N2、W2N3處理的葡萄蒸騰速率較低,水分消耗小,有一定的節(jié)水作用。關(guān)鍵詞:滴灌;葡萄;光合作用;水肥耦合中圖分類號(hào):S275.6文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:ATheEffectofWaterandFertilizerCouplingonPhotosynthe
3、ticCharacteristicsofGrapesGONGPing,LIUHong-guang,HEXin-lin(InstituteofWaterConservancyConstructionEngineering,ShiheziUniversity,Shihezi832000,Xinjiang,China)Abstract:Underdifferentwaterandfertilizerconditions,soilmoistureandnutrientcontentvaries,cropyieldandqualitywillbeaf-fected,andtheyieldandq
4、ualityofcropsareinseparablefromleafphotosynthesis.Toexploretheeffectoffertilizeronphotosynthet-iccharacteristics,thispaperexploresdifferentratiosofwaterundertheconditionofgrapeplantphotosynthesisofobservationanda-nalysis.Theresultsshowthat:ateachgrowthstageofgrapes,photosyntheticrateandtranspira
5、tionrateshowsadecreasingtrendafterthefirstincrease,themaximumappearsinfruitenlargement.Inninedifferentwaterandfertilizertreatments,photosyntheticrateofW2N1achievesmaximumvalue.TranspirationratevaluesofW2N1,W2N1,W3N1treatmentsarehigherthanothertreat-ments.Thediurnalvariationofthephotosyntheticrat
6、eshowsatrendofoverallincreasefirst,decreasethen,themaximumappearsbetween10to12points,theminimumvaluein14atnoon.Accordingtothephotosyntheticrateandtranspirationrateinthediurnalvariationofthefruitenlargementstage,thequantitativerelationshipofphotosyntheticrateandtranspirationratefitinwithwaterandf
7、ertilizeratfruitenlargementperiod.Fromthediurnalvariationoftranspirationrate,itisfoundthatgrapetranspirationrateofW1N1,W1N2,W1N3treatmentishigher,morewaterconsumption.ThegrapetranspirationrateofW2N1,W2N2,W2N3treatmentislower