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1、26中國農(nóng)村水利水電·2015年第5期文章編號:1007-2284(2015)05-0026-05滴灌水氮運(yùn)籌對糯玉米生理和水分利用的影響傅豐貝1,2,3,何文1,2,3,李伏生1,2,3(1.廣西大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院,南寧530005;2.廣西喀斯特地區(qū)節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)新技術(shù)院士工作站,南寧530005;3.廣西高校作物栽培學(xué)與耕作學(xué)重點(diǎn)實驗室,南寧530005)摘要:為了尋找交替滴灌下糯玉米適宜的水氮運(yùn)籌方式,通過盆栽試驗,研究了2種滴灌方式和7種施氮處理對糯玉米生理、干物質(zhì)積累和水分利用效率(WUE)的影響。結(jié)果表明,與常規(guī)滴灌(CDI)相比,
2、交替滴灌(ADI)顯著提高葉片光合速率和WUE,耗水量降低19.7%~24.1%,而玉米干物質(zhì)積累略有提高,玉米WUE提高34.9%~50.0%。與不施N肥(F0)相比,施氮處理葉片WUE顯著提高6.6%~33.3%,CDI和ADI下地上部干物質(zhì)量分別提高18.9%~53.7%和18.3%~62.0%,總干物質(zhì)量分別提高18.3%~53.1%和19.8%~36.9%。此外,施氮處理和灌水方式存在著顯著的互作效應(yīng),以ADI配合40%基肥+60%滴灌追肥(F4)處理對糯玉米生理、干物質(zhì)積累和水分利用效率的效果最好。與F0-CDI相比,F
3、4-ADI葉片WUE、地上部干物質(zhì)量、總干物質(zhì)量和玉米WUE分別提高121.1%、67.7%、66.8%和102.4%。因此在本試驗條件下,交替滴灌配合40%基肥+60%滴灌追肥是最佳滴灌水肥運(yùn)籌方式。關(guān)鍵詞:糯玉米;水氮運(yùn)籌;生理;干物質(zhì)積累;水分利用效率中圖分類號:S275.6;S143.1文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:ATheEffectofDripIrrigationandNitrogenFertilizationStrategyonPhysiologyandWaterUseofStickyMaize1,2,3,HEWen1,2,3,LIFu
4、-sheng1,2,3FUFeng-bei(1.CollegeofAgriculture,GuangxiUniversity,Nanning530005,China;2.GuangxiAcademicianWorkStationoftheNewTechnologyofWater-savingAgricultureinKarstRegion,Nanning530005,China;3.GuangxiInstitutionsofHigherLearningKeyLaboratoryofCropCultivationandTillage,
5、Nanning530005,China)Abstract:Inordertofindoutthesuitablewaterandnitrogen(N)strategyforstickymaizeunderdripirrigation,theeffectsoftwoirrigationmethodsandsevenNfertilizationtreatmentsonphysiology,drymassaccumulationandwateruseefficiency(WUE)ofstickymaizewereinvestigatedb
6、yusingapotexperiment.Theresultsshowthatcomparedtoconventionaldripirrigation(CDI),alternatedripirrigation(ADI)significantlyincreasedleafphotosyntheticrateandWUE,reducedwaterconsumptionby19.7%~24.1%,andenhancedmaizedrymassslightlyandmaizeWUEby34.9%~50.0%.ComparedtonoNfer
7、tilizer(F0),otherNtreat-mentsincreasedleafWUEby6.6%~33.3%,shootdrymassby18.9%~53.7%and18.3%~62.0%,andtotaldrymassby18.3%~53.1%and19.8%~36.9%undertheCDIandADI,respectively.TherewasasignificantinteractionbetweenNfertiliza-tionandirrigationmethod,thecombinationofADIand40%
8、Nasbasalfertilizerand60%Nastopdressingfertilizerviadripirriga-tion(F4)hadbettereffectsonphysiology,drymassaccumulatio