高中定語(yǔ)從句講解與練習(xí)

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1、定語(yǔ)從句一．幾個(gè)基本概念1.定語(yǔ)從句的定義：用作定語(yǔ)的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。2.先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞。3.定語(yǔ)從句的位置：緊跟先行詞（名詞或代詞）之后。4.引導(dǎo)詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞（包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞）。﹙1﹚關(guān)系代詞：that/who/whom/which/as﹙2﹚關(guān)系副詞：when/where/why5.引導(dǎo)詞的位置：位于定語(yǔ)從句之前（先行詞之后）?！綼s除外】6.引導(dǎo)詞的功能（作用）：﹙1﹚連接先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句。﹙2﹚在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分（關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，關(guān)系副詞充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)

2、）。7.定語(yǔ)從句的類型：﹙1﹚限定性定語(yǔ)從句（主句和定語(yǔ)從句之間無(wú)逗號(hào)）。①?直接由引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句The?man?who?you’re?talking?to?is?my?friend.?②?由介詞+關(guān)系代詞（whom/which）引導(dǎo)The?man?to?whom?you’re?talking?is?my?friend.I?need?a?pen?with?which?I?can?write?a?letter.=I?need?a?piece?of?paper?on?which?I?can?write?a?

3、letter.介詞的選用可根據(jù)從句中的相關(guān)詞組確定，該介詞通?？梢苑旁陉P(guān)系代詞之前，也可放在從句之尾。例如：The?man?(who/whom/that)?I?talked?about?at?the?meeting?is?from?Beijing?University.=The?man?about?whom?I?talked?at?the?meeting?is?from?Beijing?University.The?palace?(which/that)?I?often?pay?a?visit?to?was

4、?built?in?the?17th?century.=The?palace?to?which?I?often?pay?a?visit?was?built?in?the?17th?century.﹙2﹚非限定性定語(yǔ)從句（主句和定語(yǔ)從句之間用逗號(hào)隔開）。①?直接由引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。②?由介詞+關(guān)系代詞（whom/which）引導(dǎo)。I?live?in?a?house?far?away?from?the?city,?in?front?of?which?is?a?big?tree.There?is?an?appl

5、e?tree?standing?at?the?gate,?on?which?are?many?apples.This?is?the?man?to?whom?I?gave?the?book.③?由“代詞/名詞+ofwhom/which”或“of?which/?whom?+名詞/代詞”(先行詞指人用whom,指物用which)引導(dǎo)。One,?some,?any,?none,?all,?both,?several,?many,?most,?neither,?either等詞、數(shù)詞、分?jǐn)?shù)或百分比與of?whom或o

6、f?which連用。He?has?five?children,?two?of?whom?are?abroad.(比較：He?has?five?children,?and?two?of?them?are?abroad.)We?have?three?books,?none?of?which?is/are?interesting.(比較：We?have?three?books,?but?none?of?them?is/are?interesting.)除why和that不能引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句外，其余引導(dǎo)詞都可以

7、，用法同限定性定語(yǔ)從句一樣。但要注意以下區(qū)別。1.在形式上非限定性定語(yǔ)從句與主句有逗號(hào)隔開。2.非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的作用：它只是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明先行詞的情況，翻譯時(shí)可譯成兩個(gè)句子。The?engineer,?whose?leg?was?badly?hurt,?was?quickly?sent?to?hospital.（那位工程師被很快送往醫(yī)院，其腿部受了重傷）The?engineer?whose?leg?was?badly?hurt?was?quickly?sent?to?hospital.?（那位腿部受了重傷的工程

8、師被很快送往醫(yī)院）3.在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，任何引導(dǎo)詞都不能省略（包括引導(dǎo)詞在此定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)在內(nèi)）。指人做主語(yǔ)時(shí)只能用who,?做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用whom;?指物做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)都用which;?關(guān)系副詞用when或where，也不能省略。The?man,?______?is?sitting?on?the?chair,?is?my?father.The?woman,?_______?I?met?yesterday,?i