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1、高考英語語法考點(diǎn)聚焦--介詞和連詞?一、考點(diǎn)聚焦1、介詞的分類與語法功能(1)介詞是虛詞,不能單獨(dú)作句子成分,必須與名詞、代詞(或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句等)構(gòu)成介詞短語,在句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。介詞分為:簡單介詞,如at、in、for等;合成介詞,如within、inside、onto、through,out等;短語介詞,如accordingto、outof、becauseof、bymeansof、inspiteof、insteadof等。雙重介詞,如frombehind/above/und
2、er、untilafter等。分詞介詞,如considering、including、judging(from/by)等。常見的介詞賓語:名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、從句、不定式等。如:①Itisgoingtorainthisafternoonaccordingtotheweatherforecast.②Hequarrelledwithheryesterday.③Hesucceededinpassingthefinalexam.④I’mstillthinkingofhowIcanfulfillthetas
3、kaheadoftime.⑤TheprofessorwillgiveusatalkonhowtostudyEnglishwell.(2)介詞短語在句中可作表語、定語、狀語和賓補(bǔ)等。如:①Thismachineisingoodcondition.(表語)②Whereisthekeytomybike?(定語)③Nothingintheworldcouldlivewithoutairorwater.(狀語)④Shealwaysthinksherselfaboveothers.(賓補(bǔ))2、介詞搭配(1)“
4、動(dòng)詞+介詞”搭配:注意特定搭配與同一介詞與多個(gè)動(dòng)詞搭配意義不同的情況。①robsb.ofsth./cleartheroadofsnow(“奪去、除去”意義的動(dòng)詞與of連用)②supplyuswithfood/filltheglasswithwine(“供給”意義的動(dòng)詞與with連用)③makeadeskofwood/makebreadfromflour/makethematerialintoacoat(“制作、制造”意義與of、from、into連用)④介詞+the+部位與動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系(=動(dòng)詞+sb
5、.’s+部位,可換用)strikehimonthehead(“擊,拍,碰,摸”意義與on連用)catchhimbythearm(“抓,拉,拿,扯”意義與by連用)hittheboyintheface(“肚,胸,眼,臉”等人體前部與in連用)⑤prevent(stop,keep)sb.fromdoingsth.(“阻止,禁止”意義與from連用)⑥persuade(advise,warn)sb.intodoingsth.(“說服,建議”意義與into連用)⑦buysb.forsth.(leave、g
6、et、win、gain、lose等“得失”意義與for連用)⑧tellsth.tosb.(show、teach、sing、write、read等“告知”意義與to連用)⑨givesth.tosb.(give、allow、promise、pass、hand等“授予”意義與to連用)注意:⑦⑧⑨可換成buysb.sth.雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)。⑩saytosb.(suggest、explain、apologize、murmur、whisper與“對(duì)象”連用必須用to)不可說suggestsb.sth.。同一動(dòng)詞與不
7、同介詞搭配意義不同。for(尋找)tosth.of(聽說)on(拜訪)lookto(眺望)agreewithsb.hearcallfor(需要)at(看)onsth.from(收到信)in(請(qǐng))同一介詞與不同動(dòng)詞搭配,意義各異。replytotheletter回信,sing(dance)tothemusic和……唱(跳),amountto達(dá)到,加起來有……,devoteto把……貢獻(xiàn)給,drinkto為……干杯,objectto反對(duì),lookforwardto渴望,cometo蘇醒,belongt
8、o屬于,searchfor搜……,ask…for…尋找,use…for用作,leavefor前往,take…for誤以為,callof倡導(dǎo),waitfor等待,carefor喜歡,makeupfor彌補(bǔ)損失,turnto求助(救)于,helponeselfto隨意,agreeto同意,compare…to把……比作,sendfor派人去請(qǐng)(拿)……,sailfor駛向,航向,setoutfor動(dòng)身去,goinfor愛好……。(2)常見“形容詞+介詞”搭配。of擔(dān)心……about/a