資源描述：
《外商直接投資溢出效應(yīng)研究【外文翻譯】》由會員上傳分享，免費在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在學(xué)術(shù)論文-天天文庫。
1、ResearchonSpilloverEffectofForeignDirectInvestment1.IntroductionInrecentdecades,economistshavebeguntoidentifytechnicalprogress,ormoregenerally,knowledgecreation,asthemajordeterminantofeconomicgrowth.Untilthe1970s,theanalysisofeconomicgrowthwastypicallybasedonneoclassicalmodelsthatexplaingrowthwit
2、htheaccumulationoflabor,capital,andotherproductionfactorswithdiminishingreturnstoscale.Inthesemodels,theeconomyconvergestosteadystateequilibriumwherethelevelofpercapitaincomeisdeterminedbysavingsandinvestment,depreciation,andpopulationgrowth,butwherethereisnopermanentincomegrowth.Anyobservedincom
3、egrowthpercapitaoccursbecausetheeconomyisstillconvergingtowardsitssteadystate,orbecauseitisintransitionfromonesteadystatetoanother.Thepoliciesneededtoachievegrowthanddevelopmentintheframeworkofthesemodelsisthereforestraightforward:increasesinsavingsandinvestmentsandreductionsinthepopulationgrowth
4、rate,shifttheeconomytoahighersteadystateincomelevel.Fromtheviewofdevelopingcountries,however,thesepoliciesaredifficulttoimplement.Lowincomeanddevelopmentlevelsarenotonlyconsequences,butalsocausesoflowsavingsandhighpopulationgrowthrates.Theimportanceoftechnicalprogresswasalsorecognizedintheneoclas
5、sicalgrowthmodels,butthedeterminantsoftheleveloftechnologywerenotdiscussedindetail;instead,technologywasseenasanexogenousfactor.Yet,itwasclearthatconvergenceinincomepercapitalevelscouldnotoccurunlesstechnologiesconvergedaswell.Fromthe1980sandonwards,growthresearchhasthereforeincreasinglyfocusedon
6、understandingandontogenetictechnicalprogress.Moderngrowththeoryislargelybuiltonmodelswithconstantorincreasingreturnstoreproduciblefactorsasaresultoftheaccumulationofknowledge.Knowledgeis,tosomeextent,apublicgood,andR&D,education,training,andotherinvestmentsinknowledgecreationmaygenerateexternalit
7、iesthatpreventdiminishingreturnstoscaleforlaborandphysicalcapital.Takingthisintoaccount,theeconomymayexperiencepositivelong-rungrowthinsteadoftheneoclassicalsteadystatewherepercapitaincomesremainunchanged.Dependingonth
