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1、摘要步進(jìn)電機作為執(zhí)行元件是機電一體化的關(guān)鍵產(chǎn)品之一,廣泛應(yīng)用在各種自動化控制系統(tǒng)中。隨著微電子和計算機技術(shù)的發(fā)展,步進(jìn)電機的需求量與日俱增,在各個國民經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域都有應(yīng)用。本文以四相六線步進(jìn)電機為控制對象,在分析步進(jìn)電機的特點和工作原理的基礎(chǔ)上,選用型號為TS3103TC100-3的步進(jìn)電機和型號為EP1K10T100-3的FPGA,來實現(xiàn)基于FPGA技術(shù)對步進(jìn)電機系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計和控制。本文提出了用型號為EP1K10T100-3的FPGA為核心的控制方法設(shè)計四相步進(jìn)電機的外圍驅(qū)動電路控制系統(tǒng),并利用VHDL語言編寫步進(jìn)電機的控制時序電路,使用四個機械式按鍵對步進(jìn)電機進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)速、方向等的控制,實現(xiàn)步進(jìn)電機
2、的加減速和常速步進(jìn)角度的控制,步進(jìn)電機最少轉(zhuǎn)動1.8度。而且系統(tǒng)的可移植性優(yōu)越,可靠性強。為了實現(xiàn)設(shè)計,按照FPGA設(shè)計流程進(jìn)行編寫和仿真實現(xiàn),電路的設(shè)計和輸入應(yīng)用了VHDL編程語言,在QuartusII軟件上進(jìn)行了波形仿真,驗證了設(shè)計的可行性并實現(xiàn)了步進(jìn)電機的控制。【關(guān)鍵詞】步進(jìn)電機、FPGA、VHDL、仿真AbstractSteppermotorastheactuatorisoneofthekeymechanicalandelectricalintegrationproducts,widelyusedinavarietyofautomaticcontrolsystems.Withthede
3、velopmentofmicroelectronicsandcomputertechnology,thesteppermotordemandgrowwitheachpassingday,hasbeenappliedinvariousfieldsofnationaleconomy.Basedonthesixlinefourphasesteppermotorasthecontrolobject,basedonthecharacteristicsandworkingprincipleanalysisofsteppingmotor,theTS3103TC100-3modelforthestepping
4、motorandthemodelfortheEP1K10T100-3FPGA,torealizetheFPGAtechnologytothedesignandthesteppermotorcontrolsystembasedon.ThispaperpresentscontrolmethodformodelFPGAEP1K10T100-3asthecoreofthedesignoffourphasestepmotordriveperipheralcircuitcontrolsystem,thecontrolcircuitandtheuseofVHDLlanguageofthesteppermot
5、or,theuseoffourmechanicalbuttonstocontrolthesteppermotorspeed,direction,realizethesteppermotoraccelerationspeedandconstantspeedcontrolofstepangleofsteppingmotorrotation,atleast1.8degrees.Andthesystem'sportabilityadvantages,strongreliability.Inordertorealizethedesign,implementationandsimulationprogra
6、minaccordancewithFPGAdesignflow,designandinputcircuitusedintheVHDLprogramminglanguage,thewavesimulationintheQuartusIIsoftware,controltovalidatethefeasibilityofthedesignandimplementationofsteppermotor.【Keywords】steppermotor、FPGA、VHDL、Simulation目錄一、緒論11.1步進(jìn)電機概述11.2課題研究背景及意義11.3本課題研究主要內(nèi)容2二、方案論證32.1方案設(shè)計
7、32.1.1單片機控制系統(tǒng)方案32.1.2FPGA控制系統(tǒng)方案42.2兩類系統(tǒng)的選擇5三、系統(tǒng)硬件描述與設(shè)計63.1步進(jìn)電機系統(tǒng)控制原理63.2步進(jìn)電機簡介63.3步進(jìn)電機特點以及常見問題93.3.1步進(jìn)電機的特點93.3.2步進(jìn)電機的常見問題103.4運動速度的控制103.5正轉(zhuǎn)反轉(zhuǎn)的控制113.6步進(jìn)度數(shù)控制123.7FPGA邏輯功能結(jié)構(gòu)及其總體設(shè)計12四、系統(tǒng)程序設(shè)計154.1VHDL語言1