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1、摘要步進(jìn)電機(jī)作為執(zhí)行元件是機(jī)電一體化的關(guān)鍵產(chǎn)品之一,廣泛應(yīng)用在各種自動(dòng)化控制系統(tǒng)中。隨著微電子和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,步進(jìn)電機(jī)的需求量與日俱增,在各個(gè)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域都有應(yīng)用。本文以四相六線步進(jìn)電機(jī)為控制對(duì)象,在分析步進(jìn)電機(jī)的特點(diǎn)和工作原理的基礎(chǔ)上,選用型號(hào)為T(mén)S3103TC100-3的步進(jìn)電機(jī)和型號(hào)為EP1K10T100-3的FPGA,來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)基于FPGA技術(shù)對(duì)步進(jìn)電機(jī)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)和控制。本文提出了用型號(hào)為EP1K10T100-3的FPGA為核心的控制方法設(shè)計(jì)四相步進(jìn)電機(jī)的外圍驅(qū)動(dòng)電路控制系統(tǒng),并利用VHDL語(yǔ)言編寫(xiě)步進(jìn)電機(jī)的控制時(shí)序電路,使用四個(gè)機(jī)械式按鍵對(duì)步進(jìn)電機(jī)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)速、方向等的控制,實(shí)現(xiàn)步進(jìn)電機(jī)
2、的加減速和常速步進(jìn)角度的控制,步進(jìn)電機(jī)最少轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)1.8度。而且系統(tǒng)的可移植性優(yōu)越,可靠性強(qiáng)。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì),按照FPGA設(shè)計(jì)流程進(jìn)行編寫(xiě)和仿真實(shí)現(xiàn),電路的設(shè)計(jì)和輸入應(yīng)用了VHDL編程語(yǔ)言,在QuartusII軟件上進(jìn)行了波形仿真,驗(yàn)證了設(shè)計(jì)的可行性并實(shí)現(xiàn)了步進(jìn)電機(jī)的控制?!娟P(guān)鍵詞】步進(jìn)電機(jī)、FPGA、VHDL、仿真AbstractSteppermotorastheactuatorisoneofthekeymechanicalandelectricalintegrationproducts,widelyusedinavarietyofautomaticcontrolsystems.Withthede
3、velopmentofmicroelectronicsandcomputertechnology,thesteppermotordemandgrowwitheachpassingday,hasbeenappliedinvariousfieldsofnationaleconomy.Basedonthesixlinefourphasesteppermotorasthecontrolobject,basedonthecharacteristicsandworkingprincipleanalysisofsteppingmotor,theTS3103TC100-3modelforthestepping
4、motorandthemodelfortheEP1K10T100-3FPGA,torealizetheFPGAtechnologytothedesignandthesteppermotorcontrolsystembasedon.ThispaperpresentscontrolmethodformodelFPGAEP1K10T100-3asthecoreofthedesignoffourphasestepmotordriveperipheralcircuitcontrolsystem,thecontrolcircuitandtheuseofVHDLlanguageofthesteppermot
5、or,theuseoffourmechanicalbuttonstocontrolthesteppermotorspeed,direction,realizethesteppermotoraccelerationspeedandconstantspeedcontrolofstepangleofsteppingmotorrotation,atleast1.8degrees.Andthesystem'sportabilityadvantages,strongreliability.Inordertorealizethedesign,implementationandsimulationprogra
6、minaccordancewithFPGAdesignflow,designandinputcircuitusedintheVHDLprogramminglanguage,thewavesimulationintheQuartusIIsoftware,controltovalidatethefeasibilityofthedesignandimplementationofsteppermotor.【Keywords】steppermotor、FPGA、VHDL、Simulation目錄一、緒論11.1步進(jìn)電機(jī)概述11.2課題研究背景及意義11.3本課題研究主要內(nèi)容2二、方案論證32.1方案設(shè)計(jì)
7、32.1.1單片機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)方案32.1.2FPGA控制系統(tǒng)方案42.2兩類(lèi)系統(tǒng)的選擇5三、系統(tǒng)硬件描述與設(shè)計(jì)63.1步進(jìn)電機(jī)系統(tǒng)控制原理63.2步進(jìn)電機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介63.3步進(jìn)電機(jī)特點(diǎn)以及常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題93.3.1步進(jìn)電機(jī)的特點(diǎn)93.3.2步進(jìn)電機(jī)的常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題103.4運(yùn)動(dòng)速度的控制103.5正轉(zhuǎn)反轉(zhuǎn)的控制113.6步進(jìn)度數(shù)控制123.7FPGA邏輯功能結(jié)構(gòu)及其總體設(shè)計(jì)12四、系統(tǒng)程序設(shè)計(jì)154.1VHDL語(yǔ)言1