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1、一.定語從句及相關術語1.定語從句:修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句,一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。2.關系詞:引導定語從句的關聯詞成為關系詞關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;關系副詞有where,when,why等。關系詞常有3個作用:1,引導定語從句。2,代替先行詞。3,在定語從句中擔當一個成分。二.關系代詞引導的定語從句1.who指人,在從句中做主語(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthis
2、way.2.whom指人,在定語從句中充當賓語,??墒÷?。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.(2)Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.注意:關系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替,可省略。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物,在定語從句中做主語或者賓語,做賓語時可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterd
3、ay.??如果在從句中做賓語,就用whom或who.比如:Heisthemanwhom/whoItalkto.如果是在從句中作主語就只能用who.比如:HeisthemanwhohasanEnglishbook.4.that指人時,相當于who或者whom;指物時,相當于which。在定語從句中做主語或者賓語,做賓語時可省略。(5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定語
4、從句中做定語(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物時,常用以下結構來代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?(6)Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?三.介詞+關系代
5、詞引導的定語從句關系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時,從句常由介詞+關系代詞引導(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.(2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.(3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.(4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.(5)We’llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveof
6、tentalkedabout.(6)We’llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.注意:1.含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用,如:lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等(1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T)(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.??(F)2.若介詞放在關系代詞前,關系代詞指人時用whom,不可用who或者that;指物時用which,不能用that;關系代詞是所有格時用whose(1)Themanwithwh
7、omyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)(2)Themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfriend.(F)(3)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)(4)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.??(F)3.“介詞+關系代詞”前可有some,any,none,both,a