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1、一.定語從句及相關(guān)術(shù)語1.定語從句：修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。2.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞成為關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；關(guān)系副詞有where,when,why等。關(guān)系詞常有3個作用：1，引導(dǎo)定語從句。2，代替先行詞。3，在定語從句中擔(dān)當一個成分。二.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.who指人，在從句中做主語(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthis
2、way.2.whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，?？墒÷?。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.(2)Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterd
3、ay.??如果在從句中做賓語,就用whom或who.比如:Heisthemanwhom/whoItalkto.如果是在從句中作主語就只能用who.比如:HeisthemanwhohasanEnglishbook.4.that指人時，相當于who或者whom；指物時，相當于which。在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。(5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語
4、從句中做定語(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?(6)Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?三.介詞+關(guān)系代
5、詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時，從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.(2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.(3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.(4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.(5)We’llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveof
6、tentalkedabout.(6)We’llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.注意：1.含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等(1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T)(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.??(F)2.若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時用which，不能用that；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用whose(1)Themanwithwh
7、omyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)(2)Themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfriend.(F)(3)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)(4)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.??(F)3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some,any,none,both,a
