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1、Energy-EfficientTCPOperationinWirelessSensorNetworksTorstenBraunInstituteofComputerScienceandAppliedMathematics,UniversityofBern,Switzerlandbraun@iam.unibe.chThiemoVoigt,AdamDunkelsSwedishInstituteofComputerScience,Kista,Sweden{thiemo,adam}@sics.seAbstractManyapplicationsof
2、wirelesssensornetworksrequireconnectivitytoexternalnetworkstoletmonitoringandcontrollingentitiescommunicatewiththesensors.ByusingtheTCP/IPprotocolsinsidethesensornetwork,externalconnectivitycanbeachievedanywhereinthesensornetwork.InsuchIP-basedsensornetworks,TCPcanbeusedfor
3、remotemanagementandreprogrammingofsensornodes.However,thehighbiterrorratesinmulti-hopsensornetworksleadtoenergy-inefficienciesthatreducethelifetimeofthesensornetwork.Thispaperintroducesandcomparestwoapproachestosupportenergy-efficientoperationofTCPinsensornetworks:Distribut
4、edTCPCaching(DTC)andTCPSupportforSensornetworks(TSS).BothconceptsallowintermediatesensornodestocacheTCPsegmentsandtoperformlocalretransmissionsincaseoferrors.Thisallowsreducingthetotalnumberofpackettransmissionsinthesensornetworkwhentransferringdatatoorfromasensornode.DTCca
5、chesandimmediatelyforwardsTCPdatasegments,whereasTSSdoesnotforwardacachedsegmentuntilitknowsthattheprevioussegmenthasbeensuccessfullyreceivedbythenexthopnode.WeshowbysimulationthatbothapproachessignificantlyreducethenumberofTCPsegmentandacknowledgementtransmissions.Theirper
6、formancediffersslightlydependingontheerrorrate.BothapproacheshavealsoslightlydifferentneedsinbufferrequirementsandTCPoptionstobesupported.KeywordsWirelesssensornetworks,transportlayer,reliabledatatransport,TCP1.IntroductionWirelesssensornetworksarecomposedofalargenumberofra
7、dio-equippedsensordevicesthatautonomouslyformnetworksthroughwhichsensordataistransported.Thedevicesaretypicallyseverelyresource-constrainedintermsofenergy,processingpower,memory,andcommunicationbandwidth.Manyapplicationsofwirelesssensornetworksrequireanexternalconnectiontom
8、onitoringandcontrollingentitiesthatconsumesensordataandinteractwiththesensordevice
