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1、智課網(wǎng)托福備考資料雙語：美國100位歷史名人榜：亞伯拉罕?林肯AbrahamLincoln(February12,1809–April15,1865)servedasthe16thPresidentoftheUnitedStatesfromMarch1861untilhisassassinationinApril1865.Hesuccessfullyledhiscountrythroughitsgreatestinternalcrisis,theAmericanCivilWar,preservingtheUnionandendingslave
2、ry.Beforehiselectionin1860asthefirstRepublicanpresident,Lincolnhadbeenacountrylawyer,anIllinoisstatelegislator,amemberoftheUnitedStatesHouseofRepresentatives,andtwiceanunsuccessfulcandidateforelectiontotheU.S.Senate.AsanoutspokenopponentoftheexpansionofslaveryintheUnitedSta
3、tes,LincolnwontheRepublicanPartynominationin1860andwaselectedpresidentlaterthatyear.HistenureinofficewasoccupiedprimarilywiththedefeatofthesecessionistConfederateStatesofAmericaintheAmericanCivilWar.Heintroducedmeasuresthatresultedintheabolitionofslavery,issuinghisEmancipat
4、ionProclamationin1863andpromotingthepassageoftheThirteenthAmendmenttotheConstitution.Sixdaysafterthelarge-scalesurrenderofConfederateforcesunderGeneralRobertE.Lee,LincolnbecamethefirstAmericanpresidenttobeassassinated.Lincolnhadcloselysupervisedthevictoriouswareffort,especi
5、allytheselectionoftopgenerals,includingUlyssesS.Grant.HistorianshaveconcludedthathehandledthefactionsoftheRepublicanPartywell,bringingleadersofeachfactionintohiscabinetandforcingthemtocooperate.LincolnsuccessfullydefusedtheTrentaffair,awarscarewithBritainlatein1861.Underhis
6、leadership,theUniontookcontroloftheborderslavestatesatthestartofthewar.Additionally,hemanagedhisownreelectioninthe1864presidentialelection.CopperheadsandotheropponentsofthewarcriticizedLincolnforrefusingtocompromiseontheslaveryissue.Conversely,theRadicalRepublicans,anabolit
7、ionistfactionoftheRepublicanParty,criticizedhimformovingtooslowlyinabolishingslavery.Evenwiththeseopponents,Lincolnsuccessfullyralliedpublicopinionthroughhisrhetoricandspeeches;hisGettysburgAddress(1863)becameaniconicsymbolofthenation'sduty.Atthecloseofthewar,Lincolnheldamo
8、derateviewofReconstruction,seekingtospeedilyreunitethenationthroughapolicyofgenero
