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1、BritishPoliticalSystemMonarchyParliamentGovernmentCabinetPoliticalPartiesGeneralElectionConstitutionalMonarchyTheKingorQueenisthepersonificationoftheState.Anold-fashionedgovernmentOnthebasisofconstitutionalmonarchyHeadofstate:thekingorqueenInpractice:theSovereignr
2、eigns,butdoesnotrule.I.ABriefIntroductionThepresentSovereign:QueenElizabethIIsince19523.PrinceCharlesistheheirtothethrone.PrinceWilliamArthurPhilipLouisWindsorandPrinceWilliamTheRoyalFamilyGiveseffectstoalllawsastheheadoftheexecutivebranchofthegovernmentMaypardonc
3、riminaloffencesandcancelpunishmentsThecommander-in-chiefofthearmedforcesandthetemporalheadoftheChurchofEnglandThePoweroftheQueen4.Confersalltitlesofrank,andappointsjudges,armyofficers,governors,bishopsanddiplomats5.Concludestreaties,declareswar,andmakespeacewithot
4、hernationsTheImportanceofMonarchy1.Effectsonpublicattitude3.Asymbolofnationalunity4.Preservesthehumanrightsandproperty2.RepresentsthepoliticalcontinuityandadaptabilityTheRoyalDutiesVisitsmanypartsofBritainPaysstatevisitstoforeigncountriesToursotherCommon-wealthcou
5、ntriesTheConstitutionBritaindoesn’thaveaconstitutionwrittendowninasingledocument.Theconstitutionflowsfrom(出自，來自)6sources:1)TheRoyalPrerogatives皇家特權(quán)2)*StatuteLaws成文法3)*CommonLaws普通法,判例法4)*Conventions習慣法5)AuthoritativeOpinions權(quán)威意見6)EuropeanUnionLaws歐盟法IsraelandBrita
6、inaretheonlytwocountrieswithoutwrittenconstitutions.英國憲法不是一個具體的法律文本，但實際上其大部分內(nèi)容還是以成文法的形式出現(xiàn)的，包括由議會通過的法例、法院的判例和國際公約等等。除此之外，英國憲法的法律淵源還包括英國議會慣例和國王特權(quán)。Parliamentconsistsof3constituentparts:theymustallagreetopassanygivenlegislationCrown(OfficialHead)HouseofLords(theUpperH
7、ouse)HouseofCommons(theLowerHouse)ParliamentUK:aunitarystateTheParliamentatWestminster(London)In1999,ScotlandandWaleshadtheirownparliamentsIn2007,NorthernIrelandsetupitsparliamentUKseemstobemovingtowardfederalism.Legislature(立法機關(guān))=ParliamentParliamentisthehighestl
8、egislativeauthorityintheUK–theinstitutionresponsibleformakingandrepealing(廢止)alltheUKlaws.It’salsoknownastheLegislature.Function:MakealltheUKlaws;Scruti
