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1、ABORIGINAL CONSULTATION UPDATEPresentedtoAlbertaChamberofResourcesCalgary,ABJune6,2007StanRutwind,QCActingDirectorConstitutionalLawandAboriginalLawAlbertaJustice,Edmontone-mail:stan.rutwind@gov.ab.caJune1,2007TheviewofthispaperarethoseofthePresenteronlyandarenotnecessari
2、lytheviewsofAlbertaJusticeMikisewCreeFirstNationv.Canada,Copps,ThebachaRoadSocietyetal.ReleasedNovember24,2005UnanimousdecisionofSupremeCourtofCanadaTheFactsCanadaapproveda118kmWinterRoadinWoodBuffalo,whichpassedthroughMikisew’sReserve.Mikisewobjectedtoroadapproval.TREAT
3、Y8 COMPETINGINTERESTSFirstNationshavearighttohunt,fishandtrapforfood.vs.CanadaandAlbertahavearighttotakeuplandsfromtimetotimeforsettlement,mininglumbering,etc.(“TakingUpClause”)PRE-MIKISEWSparrowApproachInfringementandjustificationHalfwayRiverApproachTakingupsinfringeHai
4、daandTakuAssertedaboriginalrightscantriggerdutyofconsultationNotinatreatyareaMIKISEWAPPROACH:Consultationistheroadtoreconciliation.(50),(63)ThereisafreestandingdutyofconsultationwhichflowsfromthehonouroftheCrown.Itisindependentofthedutyofconsultationwhichisacomponentofth
5、eSparrowjustification.(33)[R.v.Sparrow(1990),theSupremeCourtofCanadaheldthatiftheCrowninfringestreatyrightsitisopentotheCrowntojustifythatinfringement.Onecomponentofthatjustificationisconsultation].ThedutyofconsultationflowingfromthehonouroftheCrownisaproceduraltreatyrig
6、htandthereisnolinktofiduciaryduties.(51),(57)TheCrownhasatreatyrighttotakeuplands(31)andthetakingupdoesnotinfringeatreatyright(32)(yetseeparagraph48).TheCrownhasanobligationtoinformitselfoftheimpacttheprojectwillhaveontreatyrightsandcommunicatethattoFirstNations.“Otherpu
7、rposes”inthetakingupclauseofthetreatyshouldbeinterpretedbroadly.Thecreationoraroadclearlyfallsintothecategoryof“otherpurposes.”(24),(60)Thetriggerthresholdforthedutyofconsultationisslight–istherethepotentialforadverseimpactsontreatyrights?(64)Thecontentofthedutyofconsult
8、ationisvariableandisatthelowendofthescaleforsurrenderedlandssubjecttothetakinguplimitationsandwhere,ash
