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1、湘潭大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文論“師夷長(zhǎng)技以制夷”思想姓名:朱文亮中請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別:碩士專業(yè):專門(mén)史指導(dǎo)教師:劉云波20070401魏源是近代中國(guó)睜眼看世界的第一人,是晚清開(kāi)風(fēng)氣之先的杰出思想家,他對(duì)世人影響最深遠(yuǎn)的是其“師夷長(zhǎng)技以制夷”思想。“師夷長(zhǎng)技以制夷”思想由魏源提岀并非偶然。魏源是晚清今文大師,深諳今文經(jīng)學(xué)的“微言大義”;他酷愛(ài)史學(xué),傳承“浙東學(xué)派”實(shí)用精神,致力于“經(jīng)世致用”之學(xué);他是湖湘文化的杰出代表,受滲透在三湘四水間的那種不屈不撓的愛(ài)國(guó)精神影響頗深。“師夷長(zhǎng)技以制夷”思想是在今文經(jīng)學(xué)變易思想、浙東學(xué)派“經(jīng)世致用”主張以及湖湘文化愛(ài)國(guó)情懷的基礎(chǔ)上衍生而成的,是
2、魏源人生經(jīng)歷的升華。它的提出與“洋務(wù)運(yùn)動(dòng)”的產(chǎn)生有著相似的背景,直接影響到洋務(wù)運(yùn)動(dòng)的“師夷長(zhǎng)技以自強(qiáng)”等口號(hào),客觀上指導(dǎo)著洋務(wù)運(yùn)動(dòng)的具體實(shí)踐。魏源與維新主將康有為有著很多相似之處,康有為深受魏源的影響。它對(duì)日本明治維新也產(chǎn)生過(guò)重要的積極作用。由于時(shí)代局限,魏源“師夷長(zhǎng)技以制夷”思想也存在著一些不足和遺憾?!耙摹钡挠^念并未消除,民族虛驕心態(tài)依然存在;學(xué)習(xí)模仿西方有余,自主創(chuàng)新意識(shí)略顯不足;對(duì)封建制度的腐敗落后認(rèn)識(shí)還不夠,只滿足于一些枝節(jié)上的修修補(bǔ)補(bǔ)。作為最古老、最成熟的傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)之一,中國(guó)的現(xiàn)代化過(guò)程也是一個(gè)不斷向西方探索求知的過(guò)程。用現(xiàn)代化的視角去看“師夷長(zhǎng)技以制
3、夷”思想,它在一定意義上可以說(shuō)是中國(guó)早期現(xiàn)代化的一?條紅線,對(duì)中國(guó)早期現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展方式和方向產(chǎn)生了重要影響。關(guān)鍵詞:魏源;師夷長(zhǎng)技以制夷;早期現(xiàn)代化AbstractWeiYuanisthefirsttoopenhiseyestorecognizethewholeworldinmodernsocietyofchina,heisthegreatestideologistoflateQingdynasty.themostimpressedthoughtishis"LearningMeritsfrontheForeigntoConquertheForeign”.Hist
4、houghtisn'tbroughtforwardbychance.WeiYuanisthemasterofJinwenscripture,whoisgoodatthetruemeaningofJinweri?Hewholikeshistoryverymuchsucceedsthepracticalspiritof"Zhedongschool".Heputshisheartintothestudyofpracticality?HeisthegreatrepresentativeofHuxiangculturewherethepatrioticspiritinfl
5、uenceshimdeeply.HisthoughtbasedonthechangethoughtofJinwenscripture,thepracticalthoughtofZhedongSchoolandthepatrioticspiritofHuxiangcultureisthesublimationinhislife.Thebackgroundofthethoughtissimilartothatof"Yangwumovement",whichinfluencesthesloganof"Yangwumovemen匚suchas"learningenemy
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7、f“enemy,'doesn'tremoved.Theprideofnationstillexists.Learningandimitatingthewestmore,butabsentofreformandcreation,hecan^tdeeplyrealizethecorruptionandunculturedsituationoffeudalizationJustdoessomerepairing.Asoneoftheoldestandthemostmutualtraditionalsocieties,theprocessofmodernizationo
8、fchinaisalso