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1、1、"Wecanusuallylearnmuchmorefrompeoplewhoseviewswesharethanfrompeoplewhoseviewscontradictourown;disagreementcancausestressandinhibitlearning."1．我們通常從和我們意見統(tǒng)一的人那里學(xué)到的東西比從和我們意見相悖的人那里學(xué)到的東西多的多；意見分歧阻礙了學(xué)習(xí)。Althoughwecanlearnknowledgefrompeoplewhoseviewsweshare,theknowledgeislimited,sincet
2、hesphereofknowledgeofthepeoplewhosharethesameopinionareconfinedtosamelevelofcognitionwithus.Itwillbequitedifferentifwecommunicatewithpeoplewhoseviewscontradicttoours.Admittedthat,itislittleharderorevenbittertoacceptoppositeviewsforusduetoourself-assertionisimpairedcausedbyother’s
3、challenge.2、"Competitionisultimatelymorebeneficialthandetrimentaltosociety."2．競爭對社會的好處大于壞處。Throughcompeting,theonewhoismosteligibleisputontherightplace,andthenwillproducemuchmorevaluesthanthosewhoarenotcompetentasheorshe.While,ontheotherhand,ifacompetitionisfraughtwithadulteratio
4、nandillegality,itwillbringdeteriorationtothesocietyratherthanprogress.Acaseinpointisrelatedtomarketeconomics.3."Itismoreimportanttoallocatemoneyforimmediate,existingsocialproblemsthantospenditonlong-termresearchthatmighthelpfuturegenerations."3．我們應(yīng)該把更多的錢用在當(dāng)前的問題上，而不是用在可能有助于我們后代的長期
5、的研究項目上。Whenweenjoythefruitsofindustrializationanddemocracy,weare,ontheotherside,confrontedwithsocialproblemsbroughtbyasanotherconsequenceofthisprocess.Firstly,immediate,existingsocialproblemsthatbaffledusdeeplyneedtoberesolvedasquicklyaspossiblesotorestoreasoundsocietyandconducei
6、tshealthydevelopment.However,manypresentsocialproblemscannotberesolvedimmediatelyaswehoped.Furthermore,neglectinglong-termresearchesthatmayhelpfuturegenerations,overemphasizingtofocusonthepresentproblems,mayresultinincompleteresolutiontothesesocialproblems,whichcanmerelybeanexped
7、ienceratherthanaresolution.4."Nofieldofstudycanadvancesignificantlyunlessoutsidersbringtheirknowledgeandexperiencetothatfieldofstudy."4．如果沒有失敗者介紹自己的經(jīng)驗和知識，沒有哪個領(lǐng)域的研究會取得長足的進(jìn)步。%%幾乎沒有任何領(lǐng)域能夠取得具有重要意義的進(jìn)步,除非結(jié)合其他行業(yè)的知識和經(jīng)驗到該領(lǐng)域中來%%Iagreewiththeassertionthatsignificantadvancesinknowledgerequir
8、eexpertiseformvariousfields.A.Noareaofin
