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1、第36卷第1期鐵道學(xué)報(bào)Vol_36NO．12014年1月JOURNAL0FTHECHINARAILWAYSOCIETYJanuary2014文章編號(hào)：1001—8361(2014)01—0016-06焊接速度對(duì)鋁合金多道焊焊接殘余應(yīng)力影響研究馬思群，袁永文，馮良波，兆文忠，方吉，李季濤(1．大連交通大學(xué)交通運(yùn)輸工程學(xué)院，遼寧大連116028；2．長(zhǎng)春軌道客車股份有限公司轉(zhuǎn)向架制造中心，吉林長(zhǎng)春130062)摘要：采用有限元熱彈塑性分析方法對(duì)焊接速度與鋁合金多道焊焊接殘余應(yīng)力問(wèn)的影響關(guān)系進(jìn)行模擬。以高速列車中間車鋁
2、合金車體K—K端16V(對(duì)接6道焊)多道焊為對(duì)象，按實(shí)際加工工藝，基于有限元軟件Sysweld，采用焊接熱循環(huán)曲線方法對(duì)焊接殘余應(yīng)力進(jìn)行數(shù)值仿真分析，然后通過(guò)x射線法對(duì)焊縫進(jìn)行殘余應(yīng)力測(cè)試。結(jié)果表明，數(shù)值仿真結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果相符。參照原始工藝方案，將各道焊焊接速度上下浮動(dòng)2mm／s，獲得另外2個(gè)焊接加工方案。分別對(duì)3個(gè)方案進(jìn)行數(shù)值計(jì)算，并分析比較其殘余應(yīng)力。結(jié)果表明：多道焊焊接速度越大，縱向殘余應(yīng)力越大，橫向殘余應(yīng)力越小；焊接速度的改變對(duì)縱向殘余應(yīng)力的影響顯著大于對(duì)橫向殘余應(yīng)力的影響。關(guān)鍵詞：焊接速度；多道焊；殘余
3、應(yīng)力；鋁合金中圖分類號(hào)：TG404；U270．6文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：Adoi：10．3969／j．issn．1001-8360．2014．01．003ResearchonEffectofWeldingSpeedonAluminiumAlloyMulti-passWeldingResidualStressMASi—qun，YUANYongwen，F(xiàn)ENGLiang_bo，ZHA()Wen—zhong，F(xiàn)ANGJi，IIJi—tao(1．SchoolofTraffic＆Transportation，DalianJiaoton
4、gUniversity，Dalianl16028，China：2．BogieManufacture(；enter，ChangchunRailwayVehiclesCo．，Ltd；Changchunl30062，China)Abstract：Theeffectoftheweldingspeedontheresidualstressofaluminiumalloymulti—passweldingwassim—ulatedwiththethermalelastic—plasticfiniteelementanalys
5、ismethod．Takingthe16V(6passbuttweld)multi—passweldsofEndK_Kofmiddlealuminum—alloycarofthehigh—speedrailwaytrainastheresearchob—ject，thethermalcyclingcurvemethodwasusedtoconductthenumericalsimulationofresidualstressesbvfo1一lowingtheactualweldingprocessandusing
6、thefiniteelementSoftwareSysweld．ThentheresidualstressesofweldsweremeasuredwiththeX—raymethod．TheFEMresultsconformedtotheexperimentalresuIts．Withreferencetotheoriginalweldingprocess，anothertwoweldingprocessingschemeswereobtainedbyfloatingtheweldingspeedofeachw
7、eldpass2mm／supanddown．Thethreeschemeswerecomputedrespectivelyandtheirresultswerecompared．Theresultsshowasfollows：thehigherthespeedofmulti—passwelding，thelargethelongitudinalresidualstressandthesmallerthehorizontalresidualstress；changingoftheweldingspeedhasmor
8、egreatimpactonthelongitudinalresidualstressthanonthehorizontalresidualstress．Keywords：weldingspeed；multi—passwelding；residualstress；aluminiumalloy國(guó)內(nèi)多種型號(hào)動(dòng)車組，雖然外形不盡相同，但車熱隨后又快速冷卻，因此不可避免地在焊接接
