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1、第36卷第1期鐵道學報Vol_36NO.12014年1月JOURNAL0FTHECHINARAILWAYSOCIETYJanuary2014文章編號:1001—8361(2014)01—0016-06焊接速度對鋁合金多道焊焊接殘余應力影響研究馬思群,袁永文,馮良波,兆文忠,方吉,李季濤(1.大連交通大學交通運輸工程學院,遼寧大連116028;2.長春軌道客車股份有限公司轉向架制造中心,吉林長春130062)摘要:采用有限元熱彈塑性分析方法對焊接速度與鋁合金多道焊焊接殘余應力問的影響關系進行模擬。以高速列車中間車鋁
2、合金車體K—K端16V(對接6道焊)多道焊為對象,按實際加工工藝,基于有限元軟件Sysweld,采用焊接熱循環(huán)曲線方法對焊接殘余應力進行數(shù)值仿真分析,然后通過x射線法對焊縫進行殘余應力測試。結果表明,數(shù)值仿真結果與實驗結果相符。參照原始工藝方案,將各道焊焊接速度上下浮動2mm/s,獲得另外2個焊接加工方案。分別對3個方案進行數(shù)值計算,并分析比較其殘余應力。結果表明:多道焊焊接速度越大,縱向殘余應力越大,橫向殘余應力越小;焊接速度的改變對縱向殘余應力的影響顯著大于對橫向殘余應力的影響。關鍵詞:焊接速度;多道焊;殘余
3、應力;鋁合金中圖分類號:TG404;U270.6文獻標志碼:Adoi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8360.2014.01.003ResearchonEffectofWeldingSpeedonAluminiumAlloyMulti-passWeldingResidualStressMASi—qun,YUANYongwen,F(xiàn)ENGLiang_bo,ZHA()Wen—zhong,F(xiàn)ANGJi,IIJi—tao(1.SchoolofTraffic&Transportation,DalianJiaoton
4、gUniversity,Dalianl16028,China:2.BogieManufacture(;enter,ChangchunRailwayVehiclesCo.,Ltd;Changchunl30062,China)Abstract:Theeffectoftheweldingspeedontheresidualstressofaluminiumalloymulti—passweldingwassim—ulatedwiththethermalelastic—plasticfiniteelementanalys
5、ismethod.Takingthe16V(6passbuttweld)multi—passweldsofEndK_Kofmiddlealuminum—alloycarofthehigh—speedrailwaytrainastheresearchob—ject,thethermalcyclingcurvemethodwasusedtoconductthenumericalsimulationofresidualstressesbvfo1一lowingtheactualweldingprocessandusing
6、thefiniteelementSoftwareSysweld.ThentheresidualstressesofweldsweremeasuredwiththeX—raymethod.TheFEMresultsconformedtotheexperimentalresuIts.Withreferencetotheoriginalweldingprocess,anothertwoweldingprocessingschemeswereobtainedbyfloatingtheweldingspeedofeachw
7、eldpass2mm/supanddown.Thethreeschemeswerecomputedrespectivelyandtheirresultswerecompared.Theresultsshowasfollows:thehigherthespeedofmulti—passwelding,thelargethelongitudinalresidualstressandthesmallerthehorizontalresidualstress;changingoftheweldingspeedhasmor
8、egreatimpactonthelongitudinalresidualstressthanonthehorizontalresidualstress.Keywords:weldingspeed;multi—passwelding;residualstress;aluminiumalloy國內(nèi)多種型號動車組,雖然外形不盡相同,但車熱隨后又快速冷卻,因此不可避免地在焊接接