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1、英語(yǔ)課標(biāo)教學(xué)課件選修8Unit2CloningWhoisYangYang?YangYangisChina’sfirstsuccessfullyclonedsheep.YangYangwasbornin2000,andhasjusthadits14thbirthday.It’stheworld’slongest-livingclonedsheep.1.Tolearnsomebasicinformationaboutcloning2.Toknowthedifferencebetweenanaturalcloneandaman-madecloneAclonei
2、sananimalorplantproducednaturallyorartificiallyfromthecellsofanotheranimalorplantandisexactlythesameasit.Cloningisawayofmakinganexactcopyofanotheranimalorplant.TheclonehasthesameDNAastheparent.What’scloning?SoundsReasonable?Therearedifferenttypesofcloning,andcloningtechnologiesca
3、nbeusedforotherpurposesbesidesproducingthegenetictwinofanotherorganism.Thethreetypesofcloningtechnologiesare:(1)recombinantDNAtechnologyorDNAcloning（基因重組克隆技術(shù)）(2)reproductivecloning（生殖性克?。?3)therapeuticcloning（治療性克?。┛寺∫辉~是英文單詞clone的音譯，作為名詞，clone通常被意譯為無(wú)性繁殖系。同一克隆的所有成員的遺傳構(gòu)成是完全相同的，例外僅見(jiàn)
4、于有突變發(fā)生時(shí)。自然界早已存在天然植物、動(dòng)物和微生物的克隆。人們開(kāi)始探索用人工的方法來(lái)生產(chǎn)高等動(dòng)物克隆。這樣，克隆一詞就開(kāi)始被用作動(dòng)詞，指人工培育克隆動(dòng)物這一動(dòng)作。目前，生產(chǎn)哺乳動(dòng)物克隆的方法主要有胚胎分割和細(xì)胞核移植兩種?？寺⊙颉岸嗬颉?，以及其后各國(guó)科學(xué)家培育的各種克隆動(dòng)物，采用的都是細(xì)胞核移植技術(shù)。所謂細(xì)胞核移植，是指將不同發(fā)育時(shí)期的胚胎或成體動(dòng)物的細(xì)胞核，經(jīng)顯微手術(shù)和細(xì)胞融合方法移植到去核卵母細(xì)胞中，重新組成胚胎并使之發(fā)育成熟的過(guò)程。由于細(xì)胞核移植是產(chǎn)生克隆動(dòng)物的有效方法，故人們往往把它稱(chēng)為動(dòng)物克隆技術(shù)。TwinsNaturalcloneDolly
5、thesheepMan-madecloneInpairs,lookatthesepicturesanddiscusswhichonesarenaturalclonesandwhichonesareman-made.Thinkabouthowtheydiffer.GrowingnewplantsMan-madecloneAstrawberryplantNaturalclone一株草莓依靠它沿地“爬走”的匍匐莖,一年內(nèi)就能長(zhǎng)出數(shù)百株草莓苗。Cactus(仙人掌)Pendulumorchid(吊蘭)naturalcloneexamplesTwinsman-ma
6、decloneexamplesI'macelebrityinthehistoryofcloning.Doyouknowmyname?Dolly,thefirstmammaltobeclonedfromadultDNA,wasputdownbylethalinjectiononFeb.14,2003.Priortoherdeath,Dollyhadbeensufferingfromlungcancerandcripplingarthritis(嚴(yán)重的關(guān)節(jié)炎).CelebritySheepDollyDolly是世界上第一例用體細(xì)胞——乳腺上皮細(xì)胞，通過(guò)細(xì)胞核
7、移植技術(shù)，在復(fù)雜的人工操作下，得到的一只小綿羊。Naturalcloneisonethatoccursinnaturewithouthumanhelp.Man-madecloneisonethatisproducedthroughhumanintervention(介入).CloneCanyoutellthedifferencebetweennaturalcloneandman-madeclone?Scientistshavebeencloninganimalsformanyyears.ThecreationofDollyisthefirstmammal
8、clonedfromthecellofanadultanimal.SinceDo
