初升高英語銜接學(xué)習(xí)第1講

《初升高英語銜接學(xué)習(xí)第1講》由會員上傳分享，免費在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在教育資源-天天文庫。

初升高英語銜接學(xué)習(xí)第1講名詞一、名詞的分類：根據(jù)用法，名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞兩類。1.可數(shù)名詞有單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的區(qū)別。需要掌握規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成。以V結(jié)尾的專有名訶,或元音字母+Y結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時,直接加S變復(fù)數(shù):以。結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時：以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時常去f,fe加ves,考點回顧：herofamilypotatoholiday_knife_photostoryleaf2.名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化1）childfoottoothmousemanpolicewomananEnglishmanGerman2）deersheepfishChineseoneyuanameter3）mathsphysicsnews4）glass（一副眼鏡）trousers（一條褲子）shoe（一雙鞋）3.不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，只有單數(shù)形式，它的前面不能用不定冠詞a/an,若要表示它的個體意義時，一般需要將其量化。不可數(shù)名詞如何量化：就是在不可數(shù)名詞前面加上“數(shù)詞+量詞+0f”最常見的不可數(shù)名詞有：advice,baggage,change（零錢）,furn讓ure（家具），hair,homework,information,knowledge,luggage（行李），money,news,progress,traffic不可數(shù)名詞量的表示aglassofwater一杯水一塊蛋糕一張紙雙短襪一瓶牛奶一盒巧克力塊肥皂一條情報4.另外還有一些名詞，即可做不可數(shù)名詞也可做可數(shù)名詞，但意思不相同。單詞可數(shù)名詞意思不可數(shù)名詞意思單詞可數(shù)名詞意思不可數(shù)名詞意思work工作German德國人wood木頭life生活，人生Chicken小雞Exercise練習(xí)，體操Paper報紙，試卷紙Orange橘rRoom房間Glass玻璃杯Time時間Japanese日語Light燈fish魚肉2.）常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)并使用的名詞：clothes,people,trousers,glasses,scissors,thanks,congratulations,wishes,police,stairs（樓梯）,works（著作），woods（森林）,times（時代）3）只行復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞

1trousers褲子，pants褲子，shorts短褲glasses眼鏡，compasses圓規(guī)，scales天平，pliers鉗子，clips剪子4）單復(fù)數(shù)同型的單詞fishft,deer鹿，sheep綿羊，works（工廠），means手段，Swiss瑞士人，Chinese中國人，news新聞，goods商品5.修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞有：修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞有即可修飾可數(shù)名詞也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞有：some（any）,no,alotof.二、定語名詞的復(fù)數(shù)（即名詞修飾名詞）名詞作定語一?般用單數(shù)，但也有以下例外。1）用復(fù)數(shù)作定語。運動會學(xué)生閱覽室2）man,woman,等作定語時，其單復(fù)數(shù)以所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。女老師男警察3）數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時，這個名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式。如：two-dozeneggs兩打/（二十四個雞蛋）十里路兩百棵樹一個五年計劃三、名詞的格1.有生命的人、物及其他名詞的所有格在詞尾加“'s”，男孩的書包2.詞詞尾已有-s,只加，，教師節(jié)雙胞胎的父母3.時間、距離、地域等名詞的所有格形式為-'s今天的報紙十分鐘的路程4.在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時，名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞,在理發(fā)店去診所5.凡不能加“‘s"的名詞，都可以用"名詞+of+名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系，歌的名字我家的窗戶6.如果兩個名詞并列，并且分別有's,則表示“分別有"；只有一個's,則表示，共有、如：John'sandMary'srooms（兩間）JohnandMary'sroom（一間）7.雙重所有格形式：anovelofMarkTwin'safriendofmyfather's/mine名詞練習(xí)㈠、基本題型一.寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式1、orange2、class3-text4、monkey5、piano6、child7、shelf8、bed9、country

210>family11>toy12、foot13、Japanese_—14、radio—15>photo16>army—17、tomato一18、fbx19、woman20、knife22、sheep㈡、選擇填空1、Thereonthewall.Theyareverybeautiful.A.arephotoesB.arephotosC.isaphotoD.isphotos2.ThiscarmadeinShanghai.A.isB.areC.wereD.has3.Therearefourandtwointhegroup.A.Japanese,GermenBJapaneses,GermenC.Japanese,GermanC.Japanese,Germans4.That'sartbook.A.anB.aC.theDare5.Theboyshavegotalready.A.twobreadB.twobreadsC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopieceofbread6.Theoldmanwants.A.sixboxesofapplesB.sixboxesofappleC.sixboxofapplesD.sixboxsofapples7.Theresomeintheriver.A.is,fishB.are,fishsC.is,fishsD.are,fish8.Theretwointhebox.A.iswatchB.arewatchesC.arewatchD.iswatches9.Weshouldcleantwiceaday.A.ourtoothB.ourtoothsC.teethD.ourteethlO.Themeetingroomisnearthereadingroom.A.teacherB.teacher'sC.teachers,D.teachers11.InBritainareallpaintedred.A.letterboxesB.lettersboxesC.letterboxD.lettersbox12.Therearebirdsinthatbigtree.A.hundredsofB.fivehundredsofC.fivehundredofD.hundredof13.June1stisDayallovertheworld.A.Child'sB.Childs'C.Children'sD.Childrens,14.September10thisDayinChina,isn'tit?A.TeachefsB.Teachers'C.TeacherD.Teacherof14.ismadeof.

3A.Glass;glassB.Aglass;glassC.Glasses;glassesD.Aglass;glasses16.Thisisnews.A.suchagoodB.averygoodC.sogoodaD.suchgood17.Whatitis!Let'sgoswimming.A.afineweatherB.finedayC.afinedayD.badweather18.TheylikeChinese.A.foodandpeoplesB.foodsandpeopleC.foodsandpeopleD.foodandpeople19.LucyandIgotoschooleveryday.A.onfeetB.onfootC.byfootsD.bybuses20.-Arethose?-No,theyaren't.They're.A.sheep;cowsB.sheep;cowC.sheeps;cowD.sheeps;cows21.Whatareyoulisteningto,Jane?or?A.amusic;anewsB.music;newsC.music;newsD.music;anews22.Thatbusdriverdranktwo.A.glassofwaterB.glassesofwatersC.cupsofteaD.cupoftea23.Mrs.Smithisanoldfriendof.A.Bob'smotherB.Bob'smother9sC.motherofBobD.Bobmother,s24.Thetallmanwithabignoseisteacher.A.TomandCarlB.Tom?sandCarFsC.TomandCarfs

416.Thereistreeinourschool.A.a8-metres-tallB.an-8-metre-tallC.an8metrestall26.Howmanyandarethereinyourclass?A.boystudent;girlonesB.girlsstudents;boysonesC.boysstudent;girloneD.girlstudents;boyones27.Agroupofaretalkingwithtwooverthere.A.Frenchmen;GermansB.Frenchmen;GermenC.German;FrenchmenD.Germans;Frenchmans㈢、綜合型l.Intime,thosemountainswillbecoveredwithtrees.A.fewyearB.afewyears'C.fewyearsD.afewyeafs2.Didyouhearthereport?A.policeB.policemen'sC.policemans'D.policemens'3.Weboughtformymother,sbirthday.A.somemeatsB.somepiecesmeatC.apieceofmeatD.piecesofmeats4.-Whoseisthisnewdesk??It's.A.SueandJim'sB?SueandJimC.Sue'sandJim's5.-Wouldyoulikecoffee?-No,thanks.Tvedrunktwo_.

5A.any;bottlesoforangeB.little;bottleoforangesC.some;bottlesoforangeD.afew;bottleoforange2.-Howmanydoyouwant?-Two,please.A.kilosofeggB.kiloofeggsC.kilosofeggsD.kiloofbread3.Therailwaystationistwofromourhouse.A.houfsdriveB.hours'driveC.hour-driveD.hoursdrive4.-Whereareyougoing,Lucy?-.A.TomyuncleB.Tomyuncle'sC.AtmyuncleD.Atmyuncle's5.Haveyouread?A.anewspaperoftoday'sB.todaynewspaperC.today*snewspaper6.There9realotofdownthere,buthardlyany.A.horse;peopleB.horses;peoplesC.cow;peopleD.sheep;people7.Lucyputalotofinoftea.（2000西安）A.sugar;thetwocupB.sugars;thetwocupsC.sugar;thetwocupsD.sugars;twocupsA.somegoodinformationB.somegoodinformationsC.goodinformationsD.agoodinformation13.-Isthisyourroom?-No,it飛room.（2000廣州）A.boxofappleB.boxesofapplesC.boxofapplesD.boxesofapple

613.-Helpyourselftosome.-Thankyou.Ireallylikethem.（2001汕頭）A.fishB.orangeC.breadD.cakes14.ThisisanoldphotoofminewhenI.（2001吉林）A.haveshorthairsB.hadshorthairsC.haveshorthairD.hadshorthair15.Whereissweater?Ican'tseeit.（2001四川）A.LucyB.LucysC.Lucy's16.Thelittlebabyhastwoalready.（2001天津）A.toothB.toothsC.teethD.teeths17.Weallhadlastmonth.Didyoutraveltoanywhere?A.sevendays'holidayB.sevenday'sholidayC.seven-daysholidayD.aseven-daysholiday18.YesterdayafewcametovisitsomeinShantou.A.German;placesofinterestB.Germans;placesofinterests

7C.Germans;placesofinterestD.Germen;placesofinterest13.Whenautumncomes,ofmosttreesturnyellowandthenfalldown.A.leafB.leafsC.leaveD.leaves代詞人稱代詞主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞IYouHeSheWeTheyYouIt1.人稱代詞的賓格在句子中作動詞的賓語或介詞賓語，第一人稱在省略句中，還可以作主語。例如：Isawherwiththem。a.—Whobrokethevase?-b.—Me.（me=It'sme.）2.）賓格代替主格：a.在簡短對話中，當人稱代詞單獨使用或在not后，多用賓語。---IlikeEnglish.—Metoo.----Havemorewine?---Notme.b.在表示比較的非正式的文體中，常用賓格代替主格。但如果比較狀語的謂語保留，則主語只能用主格。HeistallerthanI/me.Heistallerthan1am.3）動物名詞的指代一般用it或they代替，有時也用he,she,帶有親切的感情色彩。4）指代車或國家，船舶的名詞，含感情色彩時常用she。5）單數(shù)人稱代詞并列作主語時，其順序為：you,he/sheandI6）復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞作主語時，其順序為：we,youandthey2.物主代詞（…人的）：包括形容詞性的物主代詞和名詞性的物主代詞形容詞性的物主代詞+名詞；名詞性的物主代詞=形容詞性的物主代詞+名詞3.反身代詞：（1）加強語氣，起強調(diào)作用，“…自己”，“親自”，“本人”（2）用在一些動詞后,表示主語既是動作的發(fā)出者，也是動作的承受者.常見的這

8類動詞仔teach,dress,help,lookafter,enjoy,hurt,wash2.不定代詞(1)none(of)指人或物回答howmany/much的問題nobody,noone指人nothing指物(2)one指人或物，復(fù)數(shù)為ones,that指物(不可數(shù)名詞),it指代前面提到的物體Ihavegotanicewatch.Wouldyouliketobuyone?(awatch)Ihavegotanicewatch.Doyoulikeit?(thewatch)TheweatherhereisbetterthanthatinBeijing,(theweather)(3)三者或三者以上：all(全部，都)any(任何一個)none(一個也沒有)兩者：bolh(全部，都)either(任意一個)neither(一個也沒有)*not與both,all連用表示部分否定.⑷some用于肯定句中也可用于表示請求、建議或希望得到肯定答復(fù)的疑問句中any用于疑問句、否定句中；還有“任何的”意思(5)another泛指另一個theother常與one連用，表示兩者中的另一個one...theother...others泛指別的,其他的theothers特指別的,其他的(有范圍限制)(the)others=(the)other+名詞else放在合成不定代詞或鍵問詞之后(6)every+名詞，只能做定語，(三者或三者以上)each兩者或兩者以上的“每一”，可以單獨使用常見的短語：eachofeachother(7)合成不定代詞的用法(略)*形容詞后置練習(xí)一單項填空：人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞和疑問代詞_isWhoshe?She'sanurse.isWhichcapWho'sB.WhereTomlike?Oh,B.Who>isthat?heC.Whichsshort.C.WhatD.D.B.WhoC.WhoseD.WhatWhomWhereThisThethreeisnouseB.tellingThathimaboutthat.C.Thesemen,IhavebeenBob,JoeB.metoParis.andC.metheratD.theD.Itstation.youI,youandheYou,heandIB.D.He,youYou,heandIandmeMybrotherissoyoungthathecan，ttakecareofhimB.herselfC.himselfD.hisusTheyoungteacherteachesB.ourpolitics.C.oursD.ourselfOurworkisnotsogoodas

9A.himB.he10.HasJackgotA,tohimthemB.themoney?tohimif11.HowhardA.weworks!B.him12.Won*tyoulethelpA.IandmyfriendC.myfriendandme13.A,Heaskedthethreemen,IB.himselfC.hisD.he'syesterday.D.ittohimYes,C.IgavehimthemC.heD.hisyou?B.myfriendandID.myfriendandItoBob,JoeandtobereadyC.meD.herself14.Al1myclassmatesaregoingtotheSummerPalaceexcept.A.heandIB.heandmeC.himandD.himandme15.GotoA.here,usC.there,themB.there,theyD.here,we16.ThemoonisshiningbrightlyA.ItsB.HeC.tonightSheD.islikearoundplate.They17.HeisastallasA.sheB.herC.himD.himself18.IfIwere,Iwouldtaketheadvice.A.sheB.her19.A.OpenIthedoor,please?C.heIt'sD.his20.Shehasn,tB.mybroughtC.mineD.mebookwithher.WillyoulendherA.hers,C.hers,youryoursB.D.her,her,youryours21.That,snot;itis,ImadeitA.C.yours,mine,myself22.yours,her,myselfJohn，sbookismoreB.your,mine,myselfD.yours,my,myselfinterestingthan.A.C.23.yourbookB.youroneyourselfD.yoursEitherMaryorherparentswillletmeusecar.A.herB.their24.ThebirdbuildsC.minenestinthetree.D.himA.her25.ThesunB.makesit'sA.itsB.weC.itsdayandnight.C.ourD.D.26.—Iveforgottenmybread.-NeverA.somemind,youofuscanhaveB.ussomeC.someofoursD.someofour27.TwosistersofhelpuswithourA.himB.hisC.heher'ours.English.D.he's

1028.AretheyfriendsA.ofyouB.toyouC.toyoursD.ofyourswanttoseeitthemselves29.LilyandBillA.theirselvesB.C.himselfD.themself30.WehadbetteraskthesecretaryA.hisB.himC.himselfD.themselves31.WemetA.himselfhisgrandma.B.hersC.herselfD.herA.herB.sheC.herselfD.himself33.A.Pleasehelptosometea.meB.himC.yourselfD.yours34.A.Tomisnotquitetoday.hisselfB.himC.hisD.himself35.A.I*11bringdictionarywithme.myselfB.ourselvesC.myownD.own36.A.magazineisoverthere.TheseB.ThoseC.ThisD.ThatThegirldresseswhenshegetsup.32.37.agoodidea.B.That'sA.Thisis38.Hewasill.iswhyhedidn'tattendthemeeting.A.ThisB.ItC.ThereD.That39.WhatIwanttotellyouisTheA.itB.thisC.thatmeetingisputofftillFriday.D.its40.ShewenttoswimandA,suchB.samethesameasD.thesame41.A.OurfeelingwasthesameastheyB.sameastheirsC.42.A.sameastheyTheyleftforthesameB.ShanghaisuchonD.thesameastheirsday.43.Youcandoitnoworleaveittilllater,itistome.A.thesameB.allthesame44.Whoisthatboy?A.HeisastudentB.HeisaworkerC.HeismybrotherD.Heistall45.Itwaswarmdaythattheywentswimming.A.suchB.suchaC.soD.soa46.Itwaslongtimeago.A.suchB.very47.ishe?Heisabusdriver.

11A.WhoB.WhichC.ThatD.What48.Howisyourbrother?A.That*sheB.That'shimC.He'sverygoodD.He'sverywel149.thesegirlsdoyouknow?A.WhichofB.WhoareC.What50.paperdoyouread?D.HowmanyIread"ChinaDailyA.WhichB.HowC.HowmanyD.What51.isthequickestwayfromheretotheBank?A.What52.What'shisB.WhichC.WhatwayD.WhichthewaynameA.ItJohnC.It'sJohn53.WhatcolourB.Johnit'sthenameD.ItsJohnareyournewshoes?A.TheyarebrowncolourC.TheyarebrownB.It*sbrownD.Theyarecolourbrown54._A.Who'shatisthat?B.WhoseC.WhoD.Whom55.TheTVsetsmadeA.thatinShanghaiaremuchB.thesebetterthanmadeinBeijing.C.those單項填空:D.it1.IfyouA.one不定代詞needmoney,V11B.somelendyou—C.anyD.those2.ThepenI'mwritingwithisdifferentfromA.thatonesB.thatoneC.thatone*sD.thoseone3.IrememberwordheA.allB.none4.DoesA.eitherhestudyphysicsB.neithersaidthatday.C.bothorchemistry?”"C.noneD.everyHestudiesD.all5.“DoeshestudyEnglishorRussian?”"HestudiesA.bothB.allC.eitherD.none6.Thereareseveralwindowsintheroom.Thefacesouth.A.bothB.all7.A.C.DoyouhavetosaysomethingimportantimportantsomethingC.everyatthemeeting?D.eitherB.anythingimportantD.importantanything8.rvehadenoughbread,wouldyoulikeA.onemoreB.somemoreC.anymuchD.anothermore9.worewhatshelikedbest.A.EachofthewomenB.EachofthewomanC.EachofwomenD.Eachthewomen

1210.Idon，tknowA.anyoneofthemC.nooneB.D.anyoneofchildrenanyoneofthechildren11.Shehasfourdaughters.Oneisadoctor,butareworkers.A.anotherB.otherC.theothersD.theother12.IaskedherifsheknowA.allthemB.themallC.themofallD.everythem13.canalwaystrytodoa1ittlebetterthanbest.A.One,youB.One,oneC.One,his14.Oneofthestudentshasn'tpreparedA.one'sB.onesC.theirD.One,one,slessonsverywell.D.his15.EveryoneA.theirshouldbecarefulofB.onesC.ourpronunciation.D.his16.HaveyouA.itanybooksoncooking?I'dliketoborrowB.thatC.thisD.one17.HaveyouA.asmal1gotanyapples?Yes,I'vegotB.somesmallC.twosmallonesD.twosmall18.Isthisyourcoat?No,mineisA.oneblueB.ablueone19.Ifyouneedmoney,TillendyouA.oneB.itC.thoseD.some.20.“Haveyoufoundthepenyoulostyesterday?”A.oneB.theoneC.one'sD.it21.I'vegotinterestingbooks.A.someB.any22.Putbreadonthetable;weneedmore.23.A.any,someThereisn'tworkB.some,anyC.some,someD.any,anyforustodo.24.A.someB.anyHeremembershavingreadA.anystorybook25.Ihaveimportanttoaboutitin.B.somestorybooktellyou.26.27.28.29.30.31.A.somethingB.anythingIstherewrongwithA.somethingyourTVset?B.anythingIftherearegoodapplesintheshop,buymetwopounds.A.someB.anyBothofA.theseareinterestingbooks.Youcanborrowofthem.anyB.eitherAl1theseareinterestingbooks.YoucanA.anyComeyou1ike.A.somedayB.cananswerthequestion.bothanyday.It'squiteborrowofthem.easy.

13A.SomebodyB.Anybody32.Whydon'tyougettoreadduringthewintervacation（寒假）?A.anythingB.something33.Wouldyoulikebeer?A.anyB.some34.ofthestudentswasgivenabook.A.EachB.Every35.studentshouldrespect（尊敬）theteacher.A.EachB.Every36.TwoboyscameandIgaveanappleto.A.eachB.every37.Thesoldierslinedonsideoftheroad.A.eachB.every38.Everyonemustdobesttohelpothers.A.one'sB.his39.Herearetwodictionaries.Youmayuseofthem.A.eitherB.eachC.everyD.all40.Thereareflowersonsideofthedoor.A.eitherB.both41.Onbanksoftherivertherearetreesandflowers.A.eitherB.both42.Helentmetwobooks,butofthemiseasytoread.A.bothB.neither43.Helentmeafewbooks,butofthemareeasytoread.A.neitherB.none44.HisparentsareEnglishteachers.A.allB.both45.likemusic.A.thebothgirlsB.BoththisgirlsC.BothofthemD.Boththey46.areverygood.A.BoththeyB.ThebothboysC.BoththoseboysD.Bothofthey47.Therearetwowindowsintheroom.Theyfacesouth.A.allB.bothC.everyD.either48.DoeshespeakEnglishorRussian?Hedoesn，tspeak.A.eitherB.neitherC.noneD.all49.Theteacherwantedtoinvitethemtothemusicalevening.A.everybodyB.all50.I*vereadofthebooks.A.nooneB.none51.“Howmanyelephantsdidyousee?”"."A.NoneB.NooneC.NotmanyonesD.Nomany

1452.Mysistergavemetwopictures.OneistheGreatWal1,istheMingTombs（明十三陵）.A.anotherB.theother53.Somelikephysics,likechemistry.A.theothersB.others54.Hehasfourbrothers.OneisinBeijing,butareinNanjing.A.anotherB.otherC.theotherD.theothers55.Ihavefivecolourpencils.Oneisred,anotherisblueandgreen.A.otherB.theotherC.othersD.theothers56.Idon'tthinkthisisagoodidea.Hasheanysuggestion（建議）?A.oneB.anotherC.otherD.theother57.Thesecupsareours.Thoseare.A.othersB.others1C.other*sD.others，s58.Thecoatistoobig.Pleaseshowme.A.otherB.another59.Have,please!A.theothercupofteaB.anothercupoftea60.Theyaretalking.A.eachotherB.oneanotherC.onetoanotherD.toeachother61.Joandancesbetterthanintheschool.A.anygirlB.anyothergirlC.somegirlD.someothergirl62.Wehaveonlyticketsleft.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle63.NotallworkersgohomeonSaturday;stillstayinthefactory.A.afewB.fewC.noneD.alittle64.Alotofpeoplehavetried,buthavesucceeded（成功）.A.thefewB.fewC.someD.afew65.Hesaysbutdoesmuch.A.fewB.alittleC.littleD.afew66.Hurryup!Wehaveonlytimeleft.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle67.Fredeatsbread.A,toomanyB.somuchC.fewerD.somany68.Howisthatfish?A.manyB.muchC.moreD.most69.Trytomakeasmistakesaspossibleinyourhomework.A.lessB.littleC.fewD.fewer70.Quitepeoplecametothepartythoughitwasraininghard.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle一.it的用法L用作人稱代詞，代替前文提到的事情OThisbikeisnotmine.It?sPeter's.

152.用以代替提示代詞this,that一Whatisthis?—Il'sapen.—Whosebookisthat?—It'sMike's.3.起指示代詞的作用，指一個人或事物—Whoisknockingatthedoor?—It'sme.—Whoismakingsuchanoise.—Itmustbethechildren.4.指環(huán)境情況等。Itwasveryquietatthemoment.5.指時間，季節(jié)，天氣，氣候等—Whattimeisit?—Itiseighto'clock.Itoftenrainsinsummer.6.指距離Itisfivekilometersfromtheofficetomyhome.7.作形式主語當動詞不定式，動名詞或從句作主語時，通常把它們放在謂語之后，而用it作句子的形式主語Itisnoteasytofinishtheworkintwodays.Itisnousecryingoversplitmilk.Itisapitythatyoudidn'treadthebook..It作形式主語的常見句型：1.代作主語的動詞不定式，其句型為(1)Itbeadj.(forsb.)todosth.此處adj.通常為描述事件的形容詞：easy,difficult,hard,necessary,unnecessary,possible,impossible,likely,unlikely,right,wrong,important,unimportant,legal,illegal,well-mannered,ill-mannered,polite,impolite,clear,obvious,certain,suitable,proper,fit,useful,useless,dangerous...例Itisillegal(forateenager)todriveacarwithoutalicense.(2)Itbeadj.ofsb.todosth.此處adj.通常為描述人的形容詞：kind,unkind,nice,rude,cruel,considerate,thoughtful,thoughtless,careful,careless,silly,foolish,stupid,clever,wise,crazy.例It'skindofyoutohelpmewiththeproblem.2.1t替代作主語的動名詞的常見句型It'snogood/usedoing...It's(well)worthdoing...It's(well)worthone'swhiledoing/todo...It's(well)worthwhiledoing/todo例It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(3)It替代作主語的從句常見句型(1)Itis+noun+從句例Itisnosecretthatthepresidentwantstohaveasecondtermatoffice.(2)Itisadj.+clauseIt'ssurprisingthat...(should)竟然It'sapity/shamethat...(should)竟然例It'simportantthatyoushouldapologizetoherforyourrudenesso

16(1)Itverbsb.+clause=Itisv-ing+clauseIt+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze/bother/concern/frighten/please/angersb.that...例Itworriedmethatshedrovesofast.(=Itwasworryingthatshedrovesofast.)(2)Itverb(tosb.)that...=sb/sthverbtodo(verb=appear,seem,comeabout,emerge,follow,chance,happen,occur,transpire,turnout,workout)例II(so)happened/chancedthattheywereout.(=Theyhappened/chancedtobeout.)(3)Itisv-edthat...=sb/sthistodo(verb=say,report,think,believe,hope,expect,agree,accept,decide,determine,intend,plan,understand,know)例Itissaidthatthecouplehavegottendivorced.(=Thecouplearesaidtohavegottendivorced.)(4)Itisv-edthat...(should)...(verb=demand,request,require,order,suggest,advise,recommend例Itissuggestedthattheyshouldbeginwiththethirdquestion.(8)式賓語當復(fù)合賓語中的賓語是不定式,動名詞，賓語從句時往往把賓語放在它的補足語后面，而用it作形式賓語,放在賓語補足語之前Ithinkitnousearguingwithhim.IfounditveryinterestingtostudyEnglish.Hemadeitclearthathewasnotinterestedinthissubject.It作形式賓語的常見句型：1.verb+it+adj./noun(for/of)todo/clause(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep...)例1thinkithardforyoutodothetaskonyourown./Ithinkithardthatyou'Hdothetaskonyourown.2.verb+it+adj./noun(one's)doing(adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=nouse/nogood/worthone*swhile/awasteoftime/money/energy/words)(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep...)彳列rilmakeitworthyourwhiletellingmeabouthissecret.3.verb+it+important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essentialthat...(should)...verb+it+ofmuch/great/no/littleimportancethat...(should)...(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep...)例Ithinkitimportantthatyou(should)attendtheconference.4.verb+it+as+noun/adj.+clause(verb=accept,regard,take,see,view)例Thelecturertakesitasencouragingwhensomanystudentsattendhislecture.5.v.+it+prep.+that...oweittosb.that…把…歸功于…leaveittosbthat…把…留給某人去做takeitforgrantedthat…想當然keepitinmindthat...例Don'tbothertoarrangeanything.Justleaveittometosortout.6.It用在不能宜接跟賓語從句的動詞后面，尤其是表示好惡的動詞后，enjoy,like,love,dislike,resent,hate,don'tmind,befondof,feellike,seeto賓語從句緊跟it之后

17例1hateityoucanswimsowellandIcan't.1.It用在不能直接跟賓語從句的介詞后面，賓語從句緊跟it之后(exceptthat例外)彳列I'mforitthatyouwillfollowtheiradvice.9.用于強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)要強調(diào)句子的某一部分(通常是主語，狀語，賓語)，可以把it當作先行詞.這種句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是“Itis(was)+被強調(diào)部分+that(who)+句子的其余部分”.如果強調(diào)的部分是人，可用whowhom代替thatImetanoldfriendintheparkyesterday.此句各部分被強調(diào)后句型如下：ItwasIwho/thatmetanoldfriendintheparkyesterday.Itwasanoldfriendwho/that/whomImetintheparkyesterday.ItwasintheparkthatImetanoldfriendyesterday.ItwasyesterdaythatImetanoldfriendinthepark.練習(xí)K10全國II》Thedoctorthoughtwouldbegoodforyoutohaveaholiday.A.thisB.thatC.oneD.itK10遼寧］ThefactthatshewasforeignmadedifficultforhertogetajobinthatcountryAsoB.muchC.thatD.itK10山東』Helpingothersisahabit,youcanlearnevenatanearlyage.A.itB.thatC.whatD.oneK10陜西ITThecostofrentingahouseincentralXi'anishigherthaninanyotherareaofthecity.A.thatB.thisC.itD.oneK09四〃IXIlikethishousewithabeautifulgardeninfront,butIdon'thaveenoughmoneytobuy?A.oneB.itC.thisD.thatK09浙江》—I'vereadanotherbookthisweek.—Well,maybeisnothowmuchyoureadbutwhatyoureadthatcounts.A.thisB.thatC.thereD.itE08i胡南3Ournerghborsgaveababybirdyesterdaythathurtwhenitfellfromitsnest.A.us,itB.us,itselfC.ourselves,itselfD.ourselves,itK08江西》Isn'titamazinghowthehumanbodyhealsafteraninjury?A.himselfB.himC.itselfD.itK07全國113feltfunnywatchingmyselfonTV.A.OneB.ThisC.ItD.ThatK07天津』Hedidn'tmakeclearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.A.thisB.thatC.itD.theseK07山東Rworriesmethewayhekeepschanginghismind.A.ThisB.ThatC.WhatD.ItK07江西》Idon'tmindhercriticizingme,butishowshedoesitthatIobjectto.

18A.itB.thatC.thisD.whichK07陜西』—Thereisstillacopyofthebookinthelibrary.Willyougoandborrow?一No,I'dratherbuyinthebookstore.A.it;oneB.onejoneC.onejitD.it;it￡07遼寧』TheinformationontheInternetgetsaroundmuchmorerapidlythaninthenewspaper.A.itB.thoseC.oneD.thatK07浙江』——Hegothisfirstbookpublished.Itturnedouttobeabestseller.一Whenwas?—：wasin2000whenhewasstillincollege.A.that;ThisB.this;ItC.it;ThisD.that;ItK06全國13Iflcanhelp,Idon'tlikeworkinglateintothenight.A.soB.出atC.itD.themK06浙江》isourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy.A.AsB.ThatC.ThisD.It(06%胡南》AsthebusiestwomaninNorton,shemadeherdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople'saffairsinthattown.A.thisB.thatC.oneD.itK06山東Xrdappreciateifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.A.thatB.itC.thisD.youK06安徽』Catherineboughtapostcardoftheplaceshewasvisiting,addressedtoandthenposteditatthenearbypostoffice.A.it;herB.it;herselfC.herself;herD.herself;herselfKO5NMET3Itwasn'tuntilnearlyamonthlaterIreceivedthemanager'sreply.A.sinceB.whenC.asD.thatK05全國II』ThechairmanthoughtnecessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.A.thatB.itC.thisD.himK05全國HIXThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,butdidn'thelp.A.itB.sheC.whichD.heK05I二海5intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyouremailaccount.A.WhatisrequiredB.whatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.ItrequiredK05天津XIpreferaflatinInvernesstoinPerth,becauseIwanttolivenearmyMom's.A.oneB.thatC.itD.thisR05江西HCarsdocauseussomehealthproblems—infactfarmoreseriousthanmobilephonesdo.A.oneB.onesC.itD.thoseK05浙江XWe'vebeenlookingatthehousesbuthaven'tfoundwelikeyet.

19A.oneB.onesC.itD.themK05湖北》Hehasn'tsleptatallforthreedays.heistiredout.A.ThereisnopointB.ThereisnoneedC.ItisnowonderD.ItisnowayK04全國13Ilikeintheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.A.thisB.thatC.itD.oneK04全國13—Doyoulikehere?一Oh,yes.Theair,theweather,thewayoflife.Everythingissonice.A.thisB.theseC.thatD.itK04全國IIlDWeneededanewcupboardforthekitchen.SoPetermadefromsomewood.A.itB.oneC.himselfD.anotherR04湖北》Itwasbackhomeaftertheexperiment.A.notuntilmidnightdidhegoB.untilmidnightthathedidn'tgoC.notuntilmidnightthathewentD.untilmidnightwhenhedidn'tgoK04福建Hitwaswithgreatjoyhereceivedthenewsthathislostdaughterhadbeenfound.A.becauseB.whichC.sinceD.that《04上海!Why!Ihavenothingtoconfess.youwantmetosay?A.WhatisitthatB.WhatitisthatC.HowisitthatD.HowitisthatK044匕京)1Theforeignministersaid,"ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.**A.ThisisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.ItisK04蘇》?一Howlongareyoustaying?■--1don'tknow..A.That'sOKB.NevermindC.ItdependsD.Itdoesn'tmatterK03NMET3—There'scoffeeandtea;youcanhave.-Thanks.A.eitherB.eachC.oneD.it(03上海1Itisthesepoisonousproductscancausethesymptomsoftheflu,suchasheadacheandachingmuscles.A.whoB.thatC.howD.whatK03上?！籌tisprettywellunderstoodcontrolstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.howK03上海春HItwasbecauseofbadweatherthefootballmatchhadtobeputoff.A.soB.sothatC.whyD.thatK02上海HSinceyouhaverepairedmyTvset,isnoneedformetobuyanewone.A.itB.thereC.thisD.thatK02」匕京》一一Whenshallwestart?--Let'sitat8:30.Isthatallright?A.setB.meetC.makeD.takeK02北京春』一Hewasnearlydrownedonce.—Whenwas?_wasin1998whenhewasinmiddleschool.A.that;ItB.this;ThisC.this;ItD.that;ThisK01NMET3TheParkersboughtanewhousebutwillneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.

20B.itD.whichC.oneA.theyKOI上?！籌nfactisahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantfootballmatch.A.thisB.thatC.thereD.itK2001上海春HitwasforthisreasonherunclemovedoutofNewYorkandsettleddowninasmallvillage.A.whichB.whyC.thatD.howKOONMETUltistheabilitytodothejobmattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.itK2000上海USomeoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitisK2000上海DThenewsthattheyfailedtheirdrivingtestdiscouragedhim,?A.didtheyB.didn'ttheyC.diditD.didn'titK2000上海春》Itwashowtheyoungmanhadlearnedfiveforeignlanguagesattractedtheaudience'sinterest.A.sothatB.thatC.whatD.inwhich數(shù)詞定義：表示數(shù)目多少或順序多少的詞叫數(shù)詞，數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞；表示順序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。（一）、基數(shù)詞1.基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成（1）1-20（2）21-99先說“幾十”，再說“幾”，中間加連字符。23—>twenty-three,34->thirty-four（3）101—999先說“幾百”，再加and,再加末兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù)；586—>fivehundredandeighty-six,803—>eighthundredandthree（4）1,000以上，先從右往左數(shù)，每三位數(shù)加一個“,”，第一個“，”前為thousand.第二個“,”前為million,第三個","前為billion（美式）或thousand.million（英式），然后一節(jié)一節(jié)地表示。750,000,000.000->sevenhundredandfifty,billion（美式）sevenhundredandfiftythousandmillion（英式）2.基數(shù)詞的用法（1）作主語，賓語，表語，定語（5）作同位語eg.Youtwowillgoswimmingwithus.

21（6）表具體數(shù)字時,hundred,thousand,million用單數(shù)。eg.Therearesixhundredstudentsinourgrade.1.基數(shù)詞一般是單數(shù)形式，但下列情況，常用復(fù)數(shù)：1.）與of短語連用，表示概數(shù)，不能與具體數(shù)目連用。hundredsof（數(shù)百，成百上千的）,thousandsof（數(shù)千，成千上萬的）,millionsof（數(shù)百萬），2.）表示“…十”的數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)可以表示人的歲數(shù)或年代。表示“幾十歲"；inhisforties表示“年代"，用in+the+數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)；inthe1980s/19801表不確定的數(shù)字時,數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。eg.Heisinhisearlythirties.他有三十來歲（31—34歲）：Thistookplaceinthe1930s.這事發(fā)生在二十世紀三十年代；3.）表示時刻eg.IwatchCCTVNewsatseveno'clockeveryevening.（二）、序數(shù)詞；在英語中表示順序、次序的詞稱為序數(shù)詞。1.序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成（1）一般在基數(shù)詞后加lheg.four-*fourth,thirteen—>thirteenth（2）序數(shù)詞的不規(guī)則變化及縮寫形式：one—?first,two—>second,three—>third,five—eight—>eighth,nine—>ninth,twelvetwelfih縮寫first―1stsecond—2ndthird—3rdfifth_5thninthtwelfthtwentiethtwenty-first——21st（3）以y結(jié)尾的十位整數(shù)，變y為ie再加thtwenty—>twentieth,forty—?fortieth,ninety—>ninetieth（4）從二十一后的“幾十幾”直至“幾百幾十幾”或“幾千幾百幾十幾”只將個位的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。twenty-first,twohundredandforty-fifth2.序數(shù)詞的用法（1）序數(shù)詞作定語時，一般要與定冠詞或物主代詞連用。eg.Tomistheirsecondson.Heisthefirstonetocomehere.（2）序數(shù)詞前通常使用定冠詞the,但有時使用不定冠詞a,an,表示數(shù)量上“又一”,“再一”Tryitagain,please.請再試一'次。WhenIsatdownathirdmancamein.（3）序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式為：阿拉伯數(shù)字加上這個詞的末尾兩個字母。1st2nd,3rd,4山,20th,21st,22nd,23rd（4表示年、月、日時，年用基數(shù)詞，日用序數(shù)詞。2005年8月15日：（英）15,8,2005=15th,August,2005；（美8,15,2005=August15th,2005

22（三）基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞都可以用來給數(shù)字編號。No.lN號）,No.3bus（3路公共汽車）Room103,（103號旁間）Thefirstlesson=LessonTwo（第二課）（四）分數(shù)詞的表達分數(shù)表示法：基數(shù)詞代表分子，序數(shù)詞代表分母。分子大于1時，分子的序數(shù)詞用單數(shù)，分母序數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)：1/3—one-third；2/3一twothirds.eg.l/3-onethird；2/5-twofifths（五）數(shù)學(xué)運算的表達eg.3+5=8Threeplus/andfiveiseight.9-2=7Nineminustwoisseven.6x5=30Fivetimessixisthirty/sixunutilizedfiveisthirty.8+2=4Eightdividedbytwoisfour.（六）、1.倍數(shù)表示法1.）主語+謂語+倍數(shù)（或分數(shù)）+as+adj.+asIhavethreetimesasmanyasyou.我有你三倍那么多。2.）主語+謂語+倍數(shù)（分數(shù)）+thesize（amount,length...）of...Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.地球是月球的49倍。3.）主語+謂語+倍數(shù)（分數(shù)）+形容詞（副詞）比較級+than…Thegrainoutputis8percenthigherthisyearthanthatoflastyear.今年比去年糧食產(chǎn)量增加8%o4.）還可以用by+倍數(shù)，表示增加多少倍Theproductionofgrainhasbeenincreasedbyfourtimesthisyear.今年糧食產(chǎn)量增加了4倍。練習(xí)題1（）1Therearedaysinayear.A.threehundredssixty-fiveB.threehundredsandsixty-fiveC.threehundredandsixty-fiveD.threehundredandsixtyfive（）2Therearestudentsinthisschool.A.eighthundredsandforty-sixB.eighthundredandfortysixC.eighthundredandfbrty-sixD.eighthundredforty-six2（）1peoplevisitthismuseumeveryday.A.HundredB.HundredsC.HundredofD.Hundredsof（）2Therearetwopeopleinthemeetingroom.A.hundredB.hundredsC.hundredsofD.hundredof（）3EveryyearwatchNBAonTV.A.millionpeopleB.millionsofpeopleC.millionspeopleD.millionofpeople

23()4treeshavebeenplantedinourschoolinthepast10years.A.ThousandsofB.TwothousandsC.ThousandofD.Twothousandof()5Look!Thereareinthesky.A.thousandstarsB.thousandofstarsC.thousandsofstarsD.thousandsofstar3()1Mybrotherisin.A.ThreeClass,OneGradeB.ClassThree,GradeOneC.GradeOne,ClassThreeD.classthree,gradeone()2Wearegoingtolearnthisterm.A.booksixB.sixbookC.thebooksixD.BookSix()3Pleaseturnto.Let*sreadthetextaloud.A.PageTwoB.thepagetwoC.secondpageD.pagesecond4()1Wecansaythenumber78,645inEnglishlikethis.A.seventy-eightthousandandsixhundredandforty-fiveB.seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandfortyfiveC.seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandforty-fiveD.seventyeightthousandsixhundredandforty-five()2"Theyear1999*'shouldberead'TheyearA.nineteenandninety-nineB.nineteenninety-nineC.onethousandninehundredandninety-nineD.nineteenhundredandninety-nine5()1Hewillcomeheretomorrowmorning.A.atfifthB.attenC.ontwoD.tilltenth()2Everydayhebeginstodohishomework.A.attenpastsevenB.atsevenpasstenC.ontenpastseventhD.untilten()3Hewasdoingsomewashing.A.ateightyesterdaymorningB.yesterdaymorningeightC.yesterdaymorningateightD.byeightyesterdaymorning6()1Hebegantoworkthere.A.onhisfiftyB.atageoffiftyC.whenhefiftyD.inhisfifties()2TheymovedtoBeijing_A.in1980sB.inthe1980C.inthe1980sD.onthe1980's()3Weallliketheboy.A.oftenyearsoldB.ten-year-oldC.attenoldD.ofageoften()4Shewasherearlytwentieswhenshewentabroad.A.atB.onC.ofD:in7()1Therearemonthsinayear.Decemberisthemonthoftheyear.A.twelve;twelveB.twelve;twelfthC.twelfth;twelveD.twelve;twelveth()2Duringcentury,theworldpopulationhasalreadyreached6billion.A.twentyB.thetwentiethC.twentieth/D.thetwenty()3Sundayisthedayoftheweek.A.seventhB.firstC.secondD.third

24()4AutumnisseasoninayearA.thefourthB.thethirdC.athirdD.thethreeth()5TomwastogettoschoolandIwas.A.first;ninthC.thefirst;theninthA.afirst;aninthD.thesecond;thenineth8()1-What'sthedatetoday?-Its.A.FridayB.timetogoC.cloudyD.June4th()2JennywasbomA.onJuly10,1987B.inJuly10,1987C.in1987,JulylOD.on1987,July10()3Mondayisthesecondday,and.A.TuesdayisthefourthB.ThursdayisthefifthC.thesecondisTuesdayD.thesecondisThursday9()1AboutofthebooksinourschoollibraryarewritteninChinese.A.four-fifthB.four-fifthsC.fourth-fifthsD.fourths-fifth()2ofthestudentsaregirlsinourclass.A.TwothreeB.TwothreesC.TwothirdsD.Secondthree()3oftheworldsbooksandnewspapersarewritteninEnglish.A.ThreequartersB.ThreequarterC.ThirdsfourD.Threesfourth10()1Tomisintherow.A.asecondB.thesecondC.twoD.second()2ThegirlwantedtosingsonginEnglish.A.theothersB.asecondC.otherD.thesecond()3Nowletmehave.A.thethirdtryB.athirdtryC.thirdtryD.thisthirdtry數(shù)詞鞏固練習(xí)1.1).Therearedaysinayear.A.threehundredssixty-fiveB.threehundredsandsixty-fiveC.threehundredandsixty-fiveD.threehundredandsixtyfive2).Therearestudentsinthisschool.A.eighthundredsandforty-sixB.eighthundredandfortysixC.eighthundredandforty-sixD.eighthundredforty-six2.1).peoplevisitthismuseumeveryday.A.HundredB.HundredsC.HundredofD.Hundredsof2).Therearetwopeopleinthemeetingroom.A.hundredB.hundredsC.hundredsofD.hundredof3).EveryyearwatchNBAonTV.A.millionpeopleB.millionsofpeopleC.millionspeopleD.millionofpeople4).treeshavebeenplantedinourschoolinthepast10years.A.ThousandsofB.TwothousandsC.ThousandofD.Twothousandof5).Look!Thereareinthesky.A.thousandstarsB.thousandofstarsC.thousandsofstarsD.thousandsofstar3.1).Mybrotherisin.A.ThreeClass,OneGradeB.ClassThree,GradeOneC.GradeOne,ClassThreeD.classthree,gradeone

252.)Wearegoingtolearnthisterm.A.booksixB.sixbookC.thebooksixD.BookSix3).Pleaseturnto.Let\*sreadthetextaloud.A.PageTwo.B.thepagetwoC.secondpageD.pagesecond4.1).Wecansaythenumber78,645inEnglishlikethis.A.seventy-eightthousandandsixhundredandforty-fiveB.seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandfortyfiveC.seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandforty-fiveD.seventyeightthousandsixhundredandforty-five2).“Theyear1999"shouldberead"Theyear"?A.nineteenandninety-nineB.nineteenninety-nineC.onethousandninehundredandninety-nineD.nineteenhundredandninety-nine5.1).Hewillcomeheretomorrowmorning.A.atfifthB.attenC.ontwoD.tilltenth2).Everydayhebeginstodohishomework.A.attenpastsevenB.atsevenpasstenC.ontenpastseventhD.untilten3).Hewasdoingsomewashing.A.ateightyesterdaymorningB.yesterdaymorningeightC.yesterdaymorningateightD.byeightyesterdaymorning6.1).Hebegantoworkthere.A.onhisfiftyB.atageoffiftyC.whenhefiftyD.inhisfifties2).TheymovedtoBeijing_A.in1980sB.inthe1980\'C.inthe1980sD.onthe1980\'s3).Weall1iketheboy.A.oftenyearsoldB.ten-year-oldC.attenoldD.ofageoften4).Shewasherearlytwentieswhenshewentabroad.A.atB.onC.ofD:in7.1).Therearemonthsinayear.Decemberisthemonthoftheyear.A.twe1ve;twelveB.twelve;twelfthC.twelfth;twelveD.twelve;twelveth2).Duringcentury,theworldpopulationhasalreadyreached6billion.A.twentyB.thetwentiethC.twentieth/D.thetwenty3).Sundayisthedayoftheweek.A.seventhB.firstC.secondD.third4).Autumnisseasoninayear.A.thefourthB.thethirdC.athirdD.thethreeth5).TomwastogettoschoolandIwas.A.first;ninthC.thefirst;theninthB.afirst;aninthD.thesecond;thenineth8.1)-What\*sthedatetoday?-Its?A.FridayB.timetogoC.cloudyD.June4th2).JennywasbornA.onJuly10,1987B.inJuly10,1987C.in1987,July10D.on1987,July103).Mondayisthesecondday,and.A.TuesdayisthefourthB.Thursdayisthefifth

26C.thesecondisTuesdayD.thesecondisThursday9.1).AboutofthebooksinourschoollibraryarewritteninChinese.A.four-fifthB.four-fifthsC.fourth-fifthsD.fourths-fifth2).—ofthestudentsaregirlsinourclass.A.TwothreeB.TwothreesC.TwothirdsD.Secondthree3).oftheworld'sbooksandnewspapersarewritteninEnglish.A.ThreequartersB.ThreequarterC.ThirdsfourD.Threesfourth10.1).Tomisintherow.A.asecondB.thesecondC.twoD.second2).ThegirlwantedtosingsonginEnglish.A.theothersB.asecondC.otherD.thesecond3).Nowletmehave.A.thethirdtryB.athirdtryC.thirdtryD.thisthirdtry冠詞冠詞包括定冠詞(the)和不定冠詞(a,an)兩類。冠詞不能單獨使用，通常用在名詞前面,幫助說明名詞的含義。一、不定冠詞a,an的用法：1.常放在可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前面，表示‘'一”的概念，但數(shù)的概念沒有one強烈。Aninterestingstorybook;asmallboy;Thereakiteinthetree.2.放在可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前，表示一類人或物。3.用在固定短語中。二、定冠詞the與指示代詞this,that同源，有“那（這）個”“這些，那些”的意思，但較弱，放在名詞前，表示某個或某些特定的人或東西。1.特指雙方都明白的人或物：Takethemedicine.把藥吃了。2.上文提到過的人或事：Heboughtahouse.I'vebeentothehouse.3.指世上獨，無二的事物：thesun,thesky?themoon?theearth4.與形容詞或分詞連用，表示一類人：therich富人;theliving生者5.用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級，及形容詞，only,very,same等前面：,That'stheverythingI'vebeenlookingfor.那正是我要找的東西。Heistheonlypersonwhoknowsthesecret.他是唯一知道秘密的人。6.用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國家名稱、機關(guān)團體、階級、等專有名詞前：thePeople'sRepublicofChina中華人民共和國theUnitedStates美國7.用在表示樂器的名詞之前Sheplaysthepiano.她會彈鋼琴。8.用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前，表示一家人：theGreens格林一家人（或格林夫婦）9.用在慣用語中：intheday,inthemorning（afternoon,evening）,thedayaftertomorrow,thedaybeforeyesterday,thenextmorning,inthesky（water,field,country）,inthedark,intherain,inthedistance,inthemiddle（of）,intheend,onthewhole,bytheway,gotothetheatre*在sun,moon,breakfast等之前有形容詞時，可用a,an如afullmoon三、不用冠詞的情況：1.國名，人名前通常不用冠詞：England,Mary：

272.泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示一類人或事物時，可不用定冠詞；3.抽象名詞表示一般概念時，通常不加冠詞；4.物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時，通常不加冠詞，當表示特定的意思時，需要加定冠詞；5.在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、假日、日期、星期等表示時間的名詞之前，不加冠詞；6.在稱呼或表示官銜，職位的名詞前不加冠詞；7.在三餐、球類運動和娛樂運動的名稱前，不加冠詞8.重登運用的名詞短語前常省去冠詞；fromhousetohouse,neckandneck,hourafterhour,onebyone9.在一些習(xí)慣用語中*注意以下一些短語的區(qū)別（有定冠詞時，表示相關(guān)處所或地點，沒有定冠詞時，表示與相關(guān)處所有關(guān)的活動或功能.）gotohospital去醫(yī)院看病——gotothehospital去醫(yī)院（并不是去看病，而是有其他目的）infrontofin/atthefrontofinhospitalinthehospitalattableatthetableinclassintheclassbyseabytheseagotoschoolgototheschoolanumberofthenumberof四、冠詞的位置1、不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前。注意：1.)位于下列形容詞之后：such,what,many,half,Ihaveneverseensuchananimal.Manyamanisfitforthejob.2.).當名詞前的形容詞被副詞as,so,too,how,however,enough修飾時，不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后：ItisaspleasantadayasIhaveeverspent.Soshortatime.Toolongaway.3.)quite,rather與單數(shù)名訶連用，冠詞放在其后。quiteanicepicture2、定冠詞位置定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前，但放在all,both,double,half,twice,threelimes等詞之后，名詞之前。Allthestudentsintheclasswentout.班里的所有學(xué)生都出去了。冠詞專項練習(xí)一.單項選擇1.HeisnowlivinginEuropeancountry.A.aB.anC./D.any2.Chinaisoldcountrywithlonghistory.A.an,aB.a,aC.an,theD.an,an3.Myparentsusuallygooutforwalkinevening.A.the,aB.a,theC./,theD.a,an4.Hersecondthingistodoherhomework.A.aB.anC.theD./5.Theword“flower”beginswith"f"andtheendwithurn.A.a,aB.an,anC.an,aD.an,a6.June1stisChildren'sDay.A.aB.anC.theD./7.HuangheRiverissecondlargestriverinChina.A.The,theB.A,aC.The,aD.A,the

281.Parisisoneofmostbeautifulcitiesinworld.A./,theB./,/C.the,theD.the,/2.LastSundayhewenttoGreatWallatnoon.A.the,theB./,/C.the,theD.the,/3.Wealwayshavericeforlunch.A./,/B.the,/C./,aD.the,the4.Thereisnoroomfor.A.ustwoB.wetwoC.twousD.twoofwe5.oftheworkhasbeendone.A.TwothirdB.TwothreeC.TwothirdsD.Twothird6.Thereareabouttwostudentsinourschool.A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandsofD.thousandsof7.It'snow,let'shurry.A.halfpassedsixB.thirtypassedsixC.halfpastsixD.halftoseven15.Septemberismonthofayear.A.thenineB.theninthC.theninethD.nine16.—What'sthedatetoday?—Itis.A.theJunefourthB.thefourthofJuneC.ofJunethefourthD.fourthJune17.Nextweekwe,regoingtolearn.A.unit5B.theunit5C.Unit5D.5Unit18.—Doyouhavemuchworktodothisweekend?—Yes,Ihavetowriteapaper.

29A.two-thousand-wordB.two-thousandC.two-thousands-wordsD.two-1housands-words二.改錯Igotoschoolbyabikeeveryday.234567Westudythemathsthisterm.They'rehavingasuppernow.Asunisbiggerthanthemoon.Hewasfirsttocometothemeeting.ThreehundredsofstudentswenttotheparklastSunday.Heisill.Soheisinthebed.18.ThestudentandtheYoungPioneerisgoingtohelptheoldman.19.Pleasegivemearice.20.WangMeiplaysapianoverywell.21.Openwindow,please.22.Thereisadogintheroom.Adogishers.23.Thereisa"m"intheword“may”.24.It'stheAprilnow.25.Theboyisinhistwenty.三.在所需處填入適當?shù)墓谠~1.Mydear!Haveyouhadapple?2.BlackHorseisinterestingbookforchildren.3.Sheisusefulmemberofvolleybal1team.4.doctortoldhimtotakemedicinethreetimesday.5.Lookatsun!It'sfinedayforwalktoday.6.JapanistoeastofChina.7.Whatwouldyoulikeforsupper,MrGreen?8.Playingfootballisbestsportinspring.四.中考真題測試1.Wesawelephantinthezoo.elephantwasfromIndia.A.a;TheB.the;AnC.an;TheD.the;2.—Howdoyougethomefrom?ByBus?-No,Iwalk.isn*tveryfar.A.school;TheschoolB.theschool;TheschoolC.theschool;SchoolD.school;School3.There'sdictionaryondesknearthewindow.A.a;theB.a;aC.the;aD.the;the4.—Howfarisitfromourschooltoseaside?—Itiseight-kilometrewalkfromhere.A.the;anB./;anC.the;aD./;a5.—Whereismathsteacher?—He'stalkingwithSam'sfather.A.aB.anC.theD./6.ThescientistsfromUnitedStatesliveinNinthStreet.A.the;theB./;theC./;/D.the;/

303.sunisbiggerthanearth.A.A;theB.A;anC.The;anD.The;the4.earthweliveonisbiggerthanmoon.A.The;aB.The;theC.An;aD.An;the5.I1iveronfloorofthehotelsoIhavetotakealift.A.twenty-seventhB.twenty-sevenC.thetwenty-sevenD.thetwenty-seventh10.Thefarmerswerebusyreadyforthenextyearinwinterof1999.A.getting;/B.toget;theC.toget;/D.getting;the11.—Hi,Jack.Doyouhavepen?—Sorry,Idon'thaveone.A.aB.anC.theD./leftitherethismorning.Isawitsomewhere./；anisinterestingstory,anapple,please.hour.12.—Haveyouseenpen?I—Isitblackone?IthinkA.a;anB.a;aC.the;theD.13.Iamreadingnovel.ItA.a;anB.a;aC.the;theD./;14.Ifyoudon'tmind,passmeA.aB.anC.theD./15.There*s"h"intheworeA.aB.theC.anD./16.Nohurry.There'stimeleft.A.littleB.fewC.alittleD.afew17.IndiaandChinaareofsamecontinent.A./;theB.The;theC./;/D./;a18.Ithinkstudyisimportantwork.A.aB.anC./D.the19.IttakesusnearlyhourtogotoKorlabyair.A.an;aB.a;anC.an;/D.a;the20.Thetextisveryeasyforyou.Therearenewwordsinit.A.afewB.alittleC.fewD.little形容詞和副詞一、形容詞的用法：形容詞修飾名詞，說明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。也可以放在聯(lián)系動詞后面作表語。1.直接說明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞，它有級的變化，可以用程度副詞修飾，在句中可作定語、表語和補語。That'saheavybox.（定語）He'sveryhappytocomehere.（表語）Thegoodnewsmademeveryhappy.（賓語補足語）2.有些形容詞是表語形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級的變化，也不可用程度副詞修飾。例如：afraid

31害怕的alone單獨，獨自Heisanillman.（錯）Sheisanafraidgirl.（?h）這類形容詞還有：well,asleep睡著的Themanisill.Thegirlisafraid.（身體）好的unwellill生病的。（對）（對）（身體）不舒適的，alike相象的，alive活著的,awake醒著的等。1.形容詞作定語修飾名詞時，要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾something,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody等不定代詞時，要放在這些詞之后，例如：somethingniceL）o特殊形式的形容詞：一般來說，名詞加y變形容詞，而以?ly結(jié)尾的是副詞，但friendly友好的，lovely可愛的，lonely孤單的，lively熱鬧的，有生氣的，活潑的，等仍為形容詞。*politely,truly,terribly注意：其比較級和最高級的變化為：friendlier,friendliest2）某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人，與謂語動詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接。如：thedead,theliving,therich,thepoor,theblind,thehungry如:Thepoorarelosinghope.3）有關(guān)國家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個民族的整體，與動詞的復(fù)數(shù)連用。theBritish,theEnglish,theFrench,theChinese.TheEnglishhavewonderfulsenseofhumor4.）多個形容詞修飾名詞時，其順序為：限定詞-數(shù)詞-描繪詞-（大小，長短，形狀，新舊，顏色）-出處-材料性質(zhì)，類別-名詞asmallroundtableadirtyoldbrownshirtatallgraybuildingafamousGermanmedicalschoolanexpensiveJapanesesportscar三、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級大多數(shù)形容詞（性質(zhì)形容詞）和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化，即原級、比較級和最高級，用來表示事物的等級差別。原級即形容詞和副詞的原形，比較級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。1、掌握比較級和最高級的變化形式：1.）單音節(jié)形容詞及部分雙音節(jié)次加一er,est2.）部分雙音節(jié)詞及多音節(jié)詞前面加more,most或less,least構(gòu)成.特殊形式的形容詞：一般來說,名詞加y變形容詞，而以?ly結(jié)尾的是副詞，只有以下一些單詞例外:friendly,lovely,lively,lonely等都是形容詞。eg：1.It'saday（sun,sunly,sunny）2.She'sawoman,（friend,friendy,friendly）注意：其比較級和最高級的變化為：friendlier,friendliesteg:Sheisthegirlofthefour,（love,lovely,loveliest）形容詞不同等級的變化規(guī)則：構(gòu)成法原級比較級最高級備注一般詞尾加?er,talltallertallest以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞加?stnicenicernicest

32以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞，雙bigbiggerbiggest類似詞有：fatthinwethotred

33寫結(jié)尾輔音字母，再加-er>-est輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，改y為i,再加?er,-esteasyeasiereasiest多音節(jié)詞在前面加more,mostinterestingmoreinterestingmostinteresting類似詞有：carefulinterestingbeautifulimportantdelicious等不規(guī)則變化:原級比較級最高級goodbetterbestbad,illworseworstoldolderelder（更年長的）oldest,eldest（最年長的）many,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther,furtherfarthest,furthest注意:比較級前面可加much,far,even,still,alot,alittle,abit等修飾語eg：Heismuchtallerthanhisbrother.Ourcountryismuchmorebeautifulthanbefore.原級：肯定形式：as+原級+as（像….一樣）否定形式：not+so（as）+原級+as（不如….那樣）eg:Mybrotherisastallasme.Pandasarenotasdangerousaslions.比較級：不同程度：比較級+than（比）eg:Thisdressismorebeautifulthanthatone.程度加深：比較級+and+比較級（越來越…?.）the+比較級，the+比較級（越…就越…?.）eg:Theweatherisgettinghotterandhotter.Themorehegets,themorehewants.最高級：lhe+最高級+of（+數(shù)量）/in（+地點范圍）（最）eg:TheChangjiangRiveristhelongestriverinChina.Lilyisthebestgirlofthethree.2.使用比較級時要注意的問題：1）在比較級前可以使用下列一些單詞或短語加以修飾：much,alittle,even,far,abit,still,alot,等數(shù)詞+量詞也可以修飾比較級$n：HeistwoyearsyoungerthanI.還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。Thisroomistwiceasbigasthatone.2）要避免重復(fù)使用比較級（錯）Heismoreclevererthanhisbrother.

34（對）Heismorecleverthanhisbrother.或Heiscleverthanhisbrother.3）要避免將主語含在比較對象中。（$h）ChinaislargerthatanycountryinAsia.（對）ChinaislargerthananyothercountriesinAsia.5.）不含than的形容詞和副詞比較級前可以加不定冠詞a,ana/an+比較級+名詞Howfastheruns.Tveneverseenabetterrunner.比較級前加定冠詞the表示特指。Tomisthetallerofthetwobrothers.6）than后面可以用主格，也可以用賓格。但有時也有區(qū)別。I'mtallerthanhe/him.Iliketheboythanher.1liketheboythanshe.3.比較級的常見句型：1.）比較級+and+比較級越來越2.）the+比較級…,the+比較級….越…,就越…3.）as...as和一樣；notas/so…as和……不一樣;不如……中間用形容詞或副詞的原級4.）like....betterthan...和相比更喜歡5.）寧可也不??..Prefertodosthratherthandosth.Prefertodosth.Preferdoingsthtodoingsth.6.）moreBthanA與其說A,不如說BlessAthanBHeismorelazythanslowathiswork.=Heislessslowthanlazyathiswork.7.）nomore...than...與i樣,不比多TheofficialscouldseenomorethantheEmperor.noless...than...與^羊Heisnolessdiligentthanyou.8.）morethan不只是，非常Sheismorethankindtousall.4.使用最高級時應(yīng)注意的問題：1.）形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞the,副詞最高級前可不用。形容詞most前面沒有the,不表示最高級的含義，只表示“非?！薄tisamostimportantproblem.=Itisaveryimportantproblem.使用最高級要注意將主語包括在比較范圍內(nèi)。2.）最高級后面的介詞in與of的區(qū)別4）倍數(shù)+as+形容詞+as+比較對象Thisbridgeisthreetimesaslongasthatone.Yourroomistwiceaslargeasmine.=Yourroomistwicethesizeofmine.形容詞Exs：一選擇正確的答案1.WhichdoesJimmylike,Chineseorart?A.wellB.bestC.betterD.much2.TheChangjiangRiverisoneofintheworld.A.thelongestriverB.ThemoreC.thelongestriversD.longerriver3.ofthetwowomenisMrsBrown.A.ThebeautifulB.ThemorebeautifulC.MorebeautifulD.Themostbeautiful4.Mymooncakeisnicerhis.A.likeB.withC.forD.than5.Youarefatterthan.A.heB.hisC.himD.heistall6.Hejumpsofthethree.

35A.farB.futherC.farthestD.furthest1.Myhairislongerthan.A.mysisterB.KateC.mybrother'sD.Lucys12.Thereispaperhere.Pleasebringsome.A.littleB.lessC.fewerD.alittle3.Thepenisthanthatone.A.morecheapB.cheapC.muchcheaperD.quitecheaper4.TomspeaksChinesebetterthanJimmy.A.moreB.veryC.alotD.much5.TherearegirlsinClass2thaninClass4.A.moreB.nicestC.mostD.best6.It*stooforyoutodothat.A.easyB.moredangerousC.harderD.theeasist7.Whohasapplesnow,Jim,LilyorLucy?A.muchB.biggestC.betterD.themost8.Youhavemorerulersthanme.Butarenicerthan.A.mine,yoursB.mine,yourC.my,yoursD.my,your9.TingtingisthanMeimei,butMeimeiisthanTingting.A.tall,strongerB.taller,strongestC.tallest,strongD.tailer,stronger16.Motherisinmyfamily.A.busyB.busierC.thebusiestD.morebusy17.ThereareintheparkonSundays.A.morechildrenB.alotofpeopleC.muchmenandwomenD.manypeoples18.Thedumplingsarethanthenoodles,Ithink.A.morenicerB.muchdeliciousC.veryniceD.muchmoredelicious19.Sheisthanmeatdrawing.A.betterB.bestC.goodD.harder20.Thisbluesweateristoobigforme.Willyoupleaseshowmeaone?A.smallB.smallerC.thesmallestD.smallest21..Themeatsmells.You'dbetterthrowitaway.A.bad,B.badly,C.wellD.good22.Lilyisagirl,shealwaysdoeswellinherhomework.A.care,B.carefulC.carefullyD.careless1..1saw)inthepicture.A.somethinginteresting,B.interestingsomething,C.anythinginterestingD.interestinganything24.Samis1.62,heisgettingtallerandtaller.A.metrestall,B.tallmetres,C.metreshighD.highmetres25.Thereisn'tforallofus.A.enoughwaterB.waterenoughC.booksenoughD.enoughbooks26.Theroomisforustostayin.A.bigenoughB.enoughbigC.enoughgoodD.wellenough27.Whichsubjectdoyoulike,math,ChineseorEnglish?A.betterB.bestC.wellD.verymuch28.GuangzhouisoneofinChina.

36A.biggestcityB.thebigcityC.thebiggestcitiesD.thebigcity24.Youaretoofat.Youshouldeatandtakeexercise.A.less,lessB.less,moreC.least,moreD.more,less25.—Howistheweatheryesterday?-Itisterrible.Itisgetting.A.worst,worstB.better,betterC.good,goodD.worse,worse26.—Thisbookisinteresting.■一Yes.ButIthinktheonewithapictureisofall.A.interestingB.moreinterestingC.themostinterestingD.theinteresting27.heeats,hegets.A.Themore,thefatterB.Themore,thefaterC.less,fatterD.theless,thefatter28.Theoldman'shairissnow.A.aswhiterasB.sowhiteasC.aswhitethanD.aswhiteas29.LessonOneisthanLessonTwo.A.muchdifficultB.muchmoredifficultC.moremuchdifficultD.asdifficult30.Whichis,thecatorthetiger?A.gentleB.gentlestC.gentlerD.mostgentle31.Thisisgoodboy,alltheteacherslikehim.A.aquiteB.quiteaC.atooD.soa二.用所給詞的適當形式填空1.Yourclassroomis(wide)and(bright)thanours.2.Therearehoursofsunlightadayinwinterthaninsummer,(few)3.Whichdoyoulike,mathsorchemistry?(well)4.ThisisthefilmIhaveeverseen,(good)5.Africaisthesecondcontinent,(large)6.Whathesaidmadehismothermuch.(angry)7.I'mnotasashe.(careful)8.We'vegotasbooksasweneed,(many)9.Theyhavedone(much)workwith(little)money.10.Practiceasasyoucan.(much)11.You*rethepersonI'veeverseen,(kind)12.Heisthanhistwosisters,(young)13.The(old)Iget,the(strong)Iseemtofeel.14.Theweatherisgetting(warm)and(warm).15.Youarefarthanyouwere,(polite)16.Thepatientisnothanpeople,(we11)17.Summerisseasonoftheyear,(hot)18.Icandoitwellwithevenmoney,（little）三.中考真題測試1.TheairinBeijingisgettingmuchnowthanafewyearsago.（2005年北京）A.cleanB.cleanerC.cleanestD.thecleanest

371.Mycousinhaschangedalot.Sheusedtobebutnowsheistai1.A.shortB.thinC.prettyD.heavy2.Mobilephonesareverypopularnowandtheyarethanbefore.（2005北京海淀）A.cheapB.cheaperC.cheapestD.thecheapest3.—Wespentallourmoneybecausewestayedatthemostexpensivehotelintown.—Whydidn'tyoustayatone?A.acheapB.acheaperC.thecheapD.thecheaper4.—Doyoulikewesternfood?—No.Thefoodofourcountryisthatofwesterncountries.A.rathergoodthanB.muchbetterthanC.morebetterthanD.notsogoodas5.Thisisthatallofusbelieveit'sveryimportant.A.suchusefulinformationB.sousefulaninformationC.sousefulinformationD.suchausefulinformation6.—Mum,couldIhaveanMP3—Certainly,wecanbuyone,butasgoodasthis.A.acheapB.acheapestC.acheaperD.thecheapest7.Theharderwework,theresultwewillget.A.fasterB.fewerC.betterD.thecheapest8.Weshouldkeepoureyeswhiledoingeyeexercises.A.closeB.closedC.openD.opened9.Lookatthemanintherightpicture.Heis.A.right-handedB.left-handedC.nohandD.ahand10.—Tomisgoodatdrawing.HowaboutMike?—Mikeis,Ithink.HehasgotmoreprizesthanTom.A.wellB.OKC.goodD.better11.—Haveyouboughtthatdigitalcamera?一No,Ican'taffordit.Thepriceisabit.A.nowB.highC.cheapexpensive12.NowmoreandmoreChinesepeopleareenoughtobuycars.A.richB.weakC.poorD.strong13.Kateisreally.She'sneverangrywithothers.A.tallB.friendlyC.luckyD.clever14.—WhichisriverinChina?—TheChangjiangRiver.A.longerB.thelongestC.longestD.thelonger副詞1）時間和頻度副詞：now,then,often,always,usually,early,today,late,next,lastday,already,generally,frequently,

38seldom,ever,never,yet,soon,too,immediately,finally,shortly,before,ago,sometimes,yesterday,once,twice2）地點副詞：here,there,everywhere,anywhere,in,out,inside,outside,above,below,down,back,forward,home,upstairs,downstairs,across,along,round,around,near,off,past,up,away,on.3）方式副詞：carefully,properly,anxiously,suddenly,normally,fast,well,calmly,politely,proudly,softly,warmly4）程度副詞：much,little,very,rather,so,too,sti11,quite,perfectly,enough,extremely,entirely,almost,slightly,hardly.5）疑問副詞:how,when,where,why.6）關(guān)系副詞:when,where,why.7）連接副詞：therefore,moreover,however,otherwise,then.二o副詞的用法：用來修飾動詞、形容詞或其它副詞，在句中可作狀語,表語,補語,定語。Heworkshard.Let，sbeout.Foodhereishardlytoget.Lethimout!.修飾名詞的副詞放在被修飾詞之后a.Thevillagerstherearebusygettinginwheat位置：1）實意動詞之前,be動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后。IamalsoBush.

39Icanalsodothat.Ialsowanttoplaythatgames.2）副詞修飾形容詞，副詞時，副詞在前面，而被修飾的詞在后面。It'srathereasy,Icandoit.Hediditquitewell.3）頻度副詞可放在實義動詞的前面，情態(tài)動詞和助動詞的后面。Ioftenhelphimthesedays.Youmustn，talwayshelpme.Thenewstudentsdon，talwaysgotodance.4）疑問副詞，連接副詞，關(guān)系副詞以及修飾整個句子的副詞，通常放在句子或從句的前面。Whendoyoustudyeveryday?Canyoutellmehowyoudidit?5）時間副詞和地點副詞在一個句中，地點副詞在前面，時間副詞在后面。Wewentshoppinginthesupermarketat9o'clockyesterday.6）否定副詞在句首，句子要倒裝，如：NeverhaveIfeltsoexcited!兼有兩種形式的副詞1）close與closelyclose意思是〃近〃；closely意思是"仔細地〃Heissittingclosetome.Watchhimclosely.2）late與latelylate意思是〃晚"；lately意思是〃最近〃Youhavecometoolate.Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?3）deep與deeplydeep意思是〃深〃，表示空間深度；deeply時常表示感情上的深度，”深深地〃Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.Evenfatherwasdeeplymovedbythefilm.4）high與highlyhigh表示空間高度；highly表示程度，相當于much

40Theplanewasflyinghigh.Ithinkhighlyofyouropinion.

411）wide與widelywide表示空間寬度；widely意思是“廣泛地”，〃在許多地方〃Heopenedthedoorwide.Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.2）free與freelyfree的意思是〃免費〃；freely的意思是〃無限制地〃Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.Youmayspeakfreely;saywhatyoulike.副詞有加a或ly的區(qū)別在于通常加a的副詞描述一種狀態(tài)，而加ly的副詞則傾向于感覺。練習(xí)：1.Theteacherwasveryangryanddecidedtosendschool,sohewasn'tastudentanylonger.A.awayhimfromB.himawayfromtheC.awayhimoutofD.himawayfrom2.,hedidn'tfailintheEnglishexam.A.LuckB.LuckyC.LuckilyD.Luckly3.—Areyoufeeling?—Yes,I'mfinenow.A.anywellB.anybetterC.quitegoodD.quitebetter4.Themorewelookedatthepicture,.A.thelesswelikeditB.welikeitlessC.betterwelikeitD.itlookedbetter5.OurEnglishneedstobeimproved(改進).A.fartherB.farthestC.furtherD.far5.Whatapity!LucyranmoreslowlythanLily.A.afewB.muchC.alittleD.little7.Heisrunningnow.A.moreslowlyandmoreslowlyB.slowlierandslowlierC.moreandmoreslowlyD.slowlyandslowly8.Lastnightmyfatherwentbacklaterthanbefore.A.quiteB.veryC.evenD.muchmore9.Thesickmanwastoothintogoany.A.farB.fartherC.furtherD.farthest實戰(zhàn)：1.Theanswerisniceandsoft.ShallItheshopkeeperifIcantryiton?A.askB.answerC.speakD.tell2.Tickets,please.MayIyourticketplease,madam?A.showB.watchC.findD.see3.It'snotgoodtowhenyouarewaitingforabus.A.standinlineB.getonwellC.jumpthequeueD.waitforyourtum

421.It*shardtocountthemonkeys,they'rerunningandjumping.A.attimesB.allthetimeC.moreorlessD.rightaway2.I'msorry,we'vetheshoesinyoursize.A.paidforB.putonC.soldoutD.putaway3.Weihua'spenwas,sosheneededanewone.A.brokenB.longC.cheapD.here4.Youcanoftenbuythingsfromtheirshophome.A.ofthewayB.bythewayC.anotherwayofD.onyourway5.Theteacherintheschoollibraryisvery.Youmustreturnyourlibrarybookontime!A.kindB.lonelyC.strictD.polite6.Thankstoman-makesatellite,theworlditselfisbecomingamuchsmaller.A.spaceB.placeC.roomD.universe1..1likethesweater,butittoomuch.A.usesB.takesC.costsD.spends11.FatherChristmaslandsontopofhouseandclimbsdownthechimneyintothefire-place.A.eachB.allC.eitherD.both12.Theiceisverythin.It'sdangerouswalkonit.A.so,thatB.as,asC.from,toD.too,to13.Onedayhismotherwasill.Sheadoctor.A.sentforB.sentawayC.sentupD.fellbehind14.Hetheradioandlistenedtothemusic.A.openedB.turnedonC.turnedoffD.closed15.ThedoctorMrsBrownverycarefullyandthensaid:"There'snothingmuchwrongwithyou.*'A.watchedB.operatedC.lookedoverD.lookedafter。16.HespeaksEnglishhisaunt.A.asgoodasB.aswellasC.asbetterasD.asbestas17.Whichdoyoulike,skating,swimmingorfishing?A.moreB.mostC.betterD.best18..Whosings,RoseorKate?A.wellB.goodC.betterD.best19.ShewritesthanI.A.morecarefulB.muchcarefulC.muchmorecarefullyD.muchcarefully20.Thenightwasvery,sohehadtotakeoffhisshoes.A.quiet;quietlyB.quite;quicklyC.late;quickD.quite;quietly21.Howthegirlsareplaying!A.happyB.happierC.happilyD.happily22.1nBritainteawithmilkorsugarinit.A.usuallydrinksB.isusuallydrunkC.usuallyisdrunkD.drankusually23.Hetoschooltocleanhisclassroom.A.alwayscomesearlyB.comesalwaysearlyC.alwaysearlycomesD.comealwaysearlier24.Betterthannever.A.lateB.thelaterC.laterD.thelate

4325.WehavebeentotheChinaFolkCultureVillages.A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.last26.1gotuptoday.1.laterB.morelatelyC.latelyD.late27.hedropsinhisfriendsaftersupper.A.Sometimes;forB.Sometimes;onC.Often;forD.Seldom;on28.TodayTomgoestoschoolearlierthan.A.asusualB.usualC.usuallyD.ago29.Todaywedoourhomeworkathome.A.thanusualB.oftenC.usuallyD.asusual30.Alicegoestoschoolatseven.A.usualB.usuallyC.hardD.alittle31.Itwasbadweatherthatweallhadtostayinside.A.veryB.soC.ratherD.such32Heiskindanoldmanthatallthechildrenlikehim.A.veryB.soC.ratherD.such33He,ourheadmasterwaspleasedwithourwork.A.fairlyB.evenC.muchD.great34Therewasaheavysnowlastnight.Thismorningisoutside.A.toorathercoldB.rathertoocoldC.suchcoldD.fairlycold35.Wewon'tgotothecinemanextSaturday.Theywon't.A.tooB.alsoC.neitherD.either36.Shelikesreadingand.A.soIdoB.IdosoC.1likesoD.sodoI37-1won'tgototheGreatWalltomorrow.-Iwon't,.A.neitherB.eitherC.tooD.also38.Helikestodosomereadinginthemorning,Ilikeit,.A.tooB.eitherC.neitherD.also39.Hedidn'tknowheraddress,did1.A.tooB.alsoC.eitherD.neither40.1haveneverseenbigpears.A.suchB.veryC.soD.rather形容詞副詞綜合練習(xí)L用所給單詞或漢語提示的適當形式填空：1.Johnis(tall)thanSam.2.Lindaisthe(young)inourclass.3.Themantookoffhisshoesandputthemunderhisbedvery(quiet).4.Annfeltvery(happy)atherbirthdayparty.5.Whichis(far)fromus,thesunorthemoon?6.Shelooks(thin)thanme.7.Itsnowed（heavy）lastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.8.Jasonseemstobethe（busy）manintheworld.9.“Thesooner,the（good）”,theteachersaid.

441.Jackhasthe（little）breadofthethreeboys.1l.Wedon'tthinktheirclassroomis（干凈）thanours.12.Marywalksas（慢）asLilydoes.13.Who's（好）thanyouatEnglishinyourclass?14.Theteacheraskedustotakea（仔細）lookateverythinginthelab.15.Shanghaiisoneofthe（大）citiesintheworld.16.Whichisthe（beautiful）skirtofthethree?17.Thesickmanisgetting（ill）.18.Themeatsmells（壞）.Pleasetakeitaway.19.Thewindisblowing（strong）.20.Who*s（高）,LucyorLily?21.Shedidn'tdoherhomework（仔細）.22.Yourbagismuch（輕）thanmine.23.How（大）therainis!24.OfallthestudentsLiHualives（遠）.二.選擇1.Thelittlebabylooks.A.lovelyB.carefullyC.heavilyD.sadly2.TheChinesepeoplearethanyouthink.A.friendlyB.morefriendlyC.veryfriendlyD.asfriendly3.Everythingisonthemoonthanontheearth.A.muchmorelighterB.muchmorelightC.morelighterD.muchlighter4.SheiscarefulasI,butI'mthanyou.A.as;muchcarefulB.so;morecarefulC.as;muchmorecarefulD.so;verycareful5.1thinkscienceisforeignlanguages.A.sodifficultasB.asdifficultasC.verydifficultthanD.muchdifficultthan6.Allanisoneofpopularteachersintheschool.1.moreB.themoreC.mostD.themost1.1don'tthinkUnit3ismoredifficult.Ithinkit's.A.moreeasilyB.moreeasierC.mucheasilyD.mucheasier8.NoonerunsasfastasJohninhisclass.Thesentencemeans.A.Johnrunsfastestinhisclass.8.Johnrunsfasterthananyotherboyinhisclass.9.Johnrunsmoreslowlythananyotherstudentinhisclass.10Johnrunsasfastasothersinhisclass,

458Whichdoyoulike,tea,orangeorwater?A.goodB.wellC.bestD.better9.OfalltheapplesJim'sis.A.thebiggerB.thebiggestC.biggerD.biggest10.Mathsoneofthesubjectsinmiddleschool.A.are;importantB.is;mostimportantC.is;moreimportantD.are;muchimportant11.Whatacough!Youseemill.A.terrible;terriblyB.terribly;terribleC.terrible;terribleD.terribly;terribly12.TheYellowRiverisriverinChina.A.thetwolongB.thesecondlongerC.thesecondlongestD.twolongest13.-Doyouhaveabiglibrary?-No,wedon,t,atleast,notyours.A.biggerasB.asbigasC.asbigthanD.asbiggerthan14.Therearealotpeopletodaythanyesterday.A.ofB.mostC.muchD.more15.-Shehasbeenillsincelastweek.Howisshenow?-Sheistoday.A.worseB.illerC.worstD.muchmoreill16.Johnhasthreesisters.Maryistheofthethree.A.mostcleverestB.morecleverC.cleverestD.cleverer18.Ittakesalongtimetogotherebytrain;It'sbyroad!A.quickB.thequickestC.muchquickD.quicker19.Thehorseisgettingoldandcannotrunitdid.A.asfasterasB.sofastthanC.fasterD.sofastas20.1believethatyouwork,result（結(jié)果）you'IIget.A.theharder;thebetterB.theharder;abetterC.themorehard;themorebetterD.morehard;morebetter21.ThoughLiMingandLiHuaaretwinbrothers,theylook.A.sameB.thesameC.differenceD.different22.QueshiBridgeisthesecondbridgeinShantou.A.largeB.longC.longerD.longest1.介詞的功能介詞是一種虛詞，用來表示名詞或相當于名詞的其它詞語句中其它詞的關(guān)系，不能單獨使用。介詞可與名詞或相當于名詞的其它詞構(gòu)成介詞短語。介詞短語可在句中作定語，狀語，表語和賓語補足語。例如：TheboyoverthereisJohn'sbrother.(定語)Thegirlwillbebackintwohours.(狀語)

46OurEnglishteacherisfromAustralia.(表語)Helpyourselflosomefish.(賓語補足語)1.常用介詞的用法辨析(1)表時間的介詞_at,inon_at表示時刻、時間的某一點atsix,atnoon,athalfpastone,atthattime/momenton表示具體的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上時onSunday,onFridayafternoon,onacoldmorning,onMonday,onJulylsl,onSundaymorningonthemorningof...onMarch12lh,2005in表示在某個世紀，某年，某月，某個季節(jié)以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上時inspring,in2004,inthemorning,intheninettenthcentury,in2002,inmay,inwinter,intheafternoon*在his,last,that,next,every等詞前面不用介訶thisafternoon,lastSunday,everymorning(2)by"在……前”多和完成時態(tài)連用till"直到才"Filwaitheretillyoucomeback.until”不到就不"常和until連用rilnotleaveuntilyoucomeback.(3)in過以后，大多用于將來時after多用于過去時(4)since+過去的一個時間點(表示時間段，從開始到現(xiàn)在)for+一段時間二、表示場所、方向的介詞：(1)at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某個范圍之內(nèi)；on往往表示“在某個物體的表面。(2)over,on和above都可表示“在……上面”，但具體含義不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反義詞是under。above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反義詞是below。On指兩個物體表面接觸，一個在另一的上面。Thereisabridgeovertheriver..Weflewabovetheclouds..Theyputsomeflowersontheteacher'sdesk..(3)between…and..在和之間among在中間(三者以上)(4)across(從物體表面)跨越，越過through(從物體中間)穿透，穿越across和through均可表示“從這一邊到另一邊"，但用法不同。Across的含義與on有關(guān)，表示動作在某一物體的表面進行。Throgh的含義與in有關(guān)，表示動作是在三維空間進行。例如：.Thedogranacrossthegrass._Theboyswamacrosstheriver..Theywalkedthroughtheforest..Ipushedthroughthecrowds..（4）infrontof,inthefrontofinfrontof表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某個范圍以外；inthefrontof表示“在……的前部”，在某個范圍以內(nèi)。例如：.Therearesometalltreesinfrontofthebuilding..Theteacherissittinginthefrontoftheclassroom..（5）in在……里面（表示靜止的位置）into進入，表示運動方向,常用在表示動作的動詞之后，如go,come,walk,jump,run等into的反義詞是outof（6）to到（目底地）或方向towards指朝著某方向，而不是目的地.Hewalkedtowardsthebeach.三、其它介詞

471.with（1）在一起；（2）有；（3）用某種工具in用什么材料或語言，或表示衣著，聲調(diào)特點等by用■2.Like象小as作為；按照，象一樣（連詞）+句子3..for（1）為了（表示目的或原因）（2）（后面加一段時間）表示時間段3.介詞的固定搭配介詞往往同其他詞類形成了固定搭配關(guān)系。記住這種固定搭配關(guān)系，才能正確使用介詞。'（1）介詞與動詞的搭配一listento,laughat,getto,lookforwaitfor,hearfrom,turnon,turnoff,worryabout,thinkof,lookafter,spend...on...,等。_（2）介詞與名詞的搭配一ontime,intime,bybus,onfoot,withpleasure,onone'swayto,introuble,atbreakfast,attheendof,intheend等。_（3）介詞與形容詞的搭配一belatefor,beafraidof,begoodat,beinterestedin,beangrywith,befullof,besorryfor空寸。一介詞專項練習(xí)一.選擇填空：1.Mrs.BrowncametoChina1996.A.fromB.ofC.toD.in2.Theroomwasful1smokeafterthebigfire.A.ofB.withC.inD.for3.Herearesomepresentsyouourbestwishes.A.to;withB.for;withC.of;aboutD.for;for4.BothMrGreenandMrsGreenwerebornJune,1956.A.inB.atC.onD.for5.Thelittleboyisalwaysinterestedscience.A.withB.byC.inD.at6.LiLeioftengetsupseveno'clockonSundays.A.onB.inC.atD.for7.TheyarrivedearlyaTuesdaymorning.A.onB.atC.inD.of8.Macao（澳門）willreturntoourmotherlandDecember20th,1999.A.onB.atC.inD.for9.Whenwereyouborn?1wasbornAugust25,1983.A.onB.inC.atD.to10.Letmeshowyoutheplacethemap.A.withB.onC.in11.Johnknowsacomputer.A.howtouseB.howuseC.howuses12.ThevisitorsJapanarrivedBeijingStationlastTuesdaymorning.A.from;atB.of;toC.from;toD.of;on13.Theteacherwillbebackanhour.A.inB.afterC.on14.ThisprogrammewassenttotheUSAChinasatellite.A.in;ofB.of;inC.from;byD.by;from15.It'scoldoutside.Pleaseyourwarmclothes.A.putinB.takeoffC.putonD.putup

481.Hegotmanygiftshisbirthdayhisfriends.A.on,fromB.in,ofC.at,toD.from,for2.Theclassroomisquitedifferentthatone.A.ofB.fromC.withD.like3.Look,you'11seeabridgetheriver.A.onB.aboveC.overD.in4.-Yourcoatlooksnice,IsItcotton?-Yes.It*sShanghai.A.madeof,madebyB.madeof,madeinC.madefor,madeinD.madefrommadeby5.Towmayfalltheothersbecausehehasmissedsomanylessons.A.afterB.behindC.laterD.outof二、用適當?shù)慕樵~填空1.What'swrongyourwatch?2.Onethestudentsisintheclassroom.3.Ithinktheshopisclosedthistimeofday.4.MyfatherteachesEnglishaschool.5.Wehavelunchthemiddleoftheday.6.Youcanbuysomeschoolthingsyourwayhome.7.IwasbornJuly1,1982.8.MayIborrowapencilyou?9.Don,tsleeptheopenair.10.Ioftenhelpmymotherthehousework.11.It,stimeschool.12.Ihavequitealothomeworktodo.13.What'sthetime?It*shalfseven.14.Ducksaregoodswimming.15.Whatareyoutalking?16.Heissittingthefrontofthecar.17.Theeraserwaspassedonestudentanother.18.DidyouliveBeijingin1997?19.Whendidyouarrivethevillage?20.IthinkMaryisdutytoday.21.Eatingtoomuchisn'tgoodyourhealth.22.I,mafraidheisthecinemathemoment.23.Thanksaskingmetoyourparty.24.Mywatchisverydifferentyours.25.What'stheweathertoday?26.Thestudentisaskinghisteacherthesportsmeeting.27.Thefarmersareallgettingreadythenextyear.28.Theradiosaysthewindwillstoplatertheday.29.Let'sgooutawalk,shallwe?30.Tom,yourmotheriswaitingyou.31.Wehavenoodlesforlunchforlunchtimes.32.HarerbinisthenorthofChina.33.Thedaytomorrowwillbewindy.34.Don,tworryyourtest.35.Idon，tknowwhichisthewaythepark.36.Anoldwomanisthesideoftheroad.37.theendoftheroadyou'11seethehospital38.HeleftTokyoavisitBeijing.39.Don*tlaughotherpeople,smistakes.40.Hedidthisinsteadme.

491.Thepeoplehereareveryfriendlyus.2.DoeshelearnEnglishhimself?3.Ifeltalittleafraidmyteacher.4.I*mafraidhe'llfallthebike.5.Helpyourselvessomefish,LilyandLucy.6.thesewordshelefttheclassroom.7.Itwasapleasureme.8.rmsorryI'mlatethemeeting.9.Studyhard,oryouwon'tcatchupyourclassmates.10.NotfarhimwasLinTao.LinTaoranfast,too.11.MrWuisgoingtotellustheresultonce.12.Hegoestoschoolearlyusual.13.It'sanotherwaysayingfast.14.I*msorryhedoesn'tagreeme.15.Heprefersplayingfootballplayingbasketball.16.Whatdoyoumeanbaozhi?17.Don'tplayfire.It*sdangerous.18.Hedidn'tgobeduntiltwelveo,clock.19.Myteacherwasangryme.20.Someoneisknockingthedoor.21.HaveyouheardJimyet?22.Ifyoubreakthewindow,you111havetopayit.23.I*msorry.Iwon'ttalktoothersinclassnowon.24.Whathaveyoudonethemilk?25.ThestudentswalkedthegateswithUncleWang.26.Areyoutrouble,Jim?27.Mymotherisill.Ihavetosendthedoctor.28.Thedoctoroperatedmymotheratonce.29.Theglassisfullmilk.30.Isawhimthecrowd.31.Thereareagroupofsheepthefootofthehi11.32.Wearetwins.Peopleoftenmistakeuseachother.33.Theknifeismademetalandwood.34.Shipscantraveltheworld.35.Hewatchedmesurprise.36.Choosemysubject.SomethingaboutEnglish,example.37.Tiethehorsethetree.38.Nothingcanstopusstudyinghard.39.MrWang'shelp,Ihavepassedtheexam.40.Pleasecutthemetalsomepieces.41.Ifeelgoingforawalk.42.Wecanfinishtheworkaweek.43.AreyouinterestedthefilmTitanic?44.Hundredsyearsago,therewasavillagehere.45.Whatearthcanyousee?46.Whendidyoujoinusthegame?連詞（-）連詞的概念：用來連接詞，短語，從句或句子的詞叫連詞。連詞是一種虛詞，在句中不能單獨使用。連詞可分為兩類：并列連詞和從屬連詞（二）并列連詞的分類：

501.并列連詞用來連接具有并列關(guān)系的詞，短語或句子。表示意思轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞But,yet,however,while表示因果關(guān)系的連詞For,so,thereforek示并列關(guān)系的連詞And,or,either…or,neither…nornotonly…butalso,both…and,aswellasor,either...or表選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞的用法：1、并列連詞and和or：①and和or是用得最多的并列連詞，可以連接：a.兩個并列的動詞：Weweresinginganddancingallevening.b.名詞、形容詞等：Thisappleisbigandred.Wouldyoulikefishorbeef?c.兩個并列的分句（句子）：IsaiditandImeantit.②and可連接兩個分句，表示遞進關(guān)系。Givehimaninchandhewilltakeamile.他會得寸進尺。③or可連接分句，表示“否則”：Don,tdrivesofastoryouHlhaveanaccident.別開這么快，不然你會出車禍。2、表示意思轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞：but,yet:①but和yet的用法：Theweatherwillbesunnybutcold.天氣會晴朗但很冷。Itisstrange,yettrue.這很奇怪，卻是真的。?however,still等為副詞，但可起連接作用，表示意思的轉(zhuǎn)折—“但是”或“然而”。a.however:Hisfirstresponsewastosayno.Later,however,hechangedhismind.b.still:It'sraining;stillI'dliketogo.③詞組allthesame:Sheisnaughty,allthesamewehavetolaughatherjokes.她很調(diào)皮，但對她的惡作劇我們還是要發(fā)笑。3、表示因果的連詞：①for可以表示“因為”，但引導(dǎo)的不是從句，而是并列分句，對前面情況加以解釋，常用逗號把它和前面的分句分開，這在書面語中比較多見。Thedayswereshort,foritwasnowDecember.②so表示結(jié)果，可譯為“因此”、“所以，Ourcaseswereheavy,sowetookataxi.③therefore為副詞，也表示同樣的意思一“因此”，可放句前：Hehadgone;shethereforegavethemoneytome.他走了，于是她把錢給了我。4、both...and的用法Amanshouldhavebothcourageandperseverance.一個人既要有勇氣又要有毅力。

51【難點】5、就近原貝II：either...or...,neither...nor,notonly...butalso...這三個連詞詞組都可連接兩個并列成分。當它們連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞要隨相鄰的主語變化。例如：Eitheryouorheiswrong.Neitherhenorhischildrenlikefish.Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentswanttobuythebook.6、aswellas的用法：Ihavereadoneofhisnovelsaswellasafewofhisplays.我讀過他的一本小說和幾個劇本。2.從屬連詞一從句種類主要從屬連詞時間從句when,while,as,before,after,until,till,whenever條件從句if,unless,supposing(suppose),aslongas目的從句inorderthat,sothat結(jié)果從句so…that,such…that,sothat,so原因從句because,as,since讓步從句although,though,eventhough(if),while方式從句asif,asthough,as,like地點從句where,wherever比較從句than,as［說明］that,whelher,if等從屬連詞可引導(dǎo)名詞從句，在句中擔任主語、賓語等。.常用連詞的用法辨析_(1)while,when,as.這三個連詞都可引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，但用法有所不同。1)當某事正在進行的時候，又發(fā)生了另一件事。While,when,as都可用來引導(dǎo)表示“背景”的時間狀語從句。例如：.As/When/WhileIwaswalkingdownthestreetInoticedapolicecar.2)當兩個長動作同時進行的時候,最常用的是while。例如：.Whilemotherwascookinglunch,Iwasdoingmyhomework.3)當兩個動作都表示發(fā)展變化的情況時，最常用的是as。例如：_Aschildrengetolder,theybecomemoreandmoreinterestedinthingsaroundthem.4)當兩個短動作同時發(fā)生時，或表示“一邊…一邊…”時,最常用as。例如：.JShelookedbehindfromtimetotimeasshewent.5)當從句的動作先于主句的動作時，通常用when0例如：_Whenhefinishedhiswork,hetookashortrest..6)當從句是瞬間動作，主句是延續(xù)性動作時，通常用when。例如：_WhenJohnarrivedIwascookinglunch.(2)as,because,since,for.這四個詞都可表成因，但用法有區(qū)別。一1)如果原因構(gòu)成句子的最主要部分，一般用because?因此，because引導(dǎo)的從句往往放在句末。例如：_Istayedathomebecauseitrained..-Whyaren'tyougoing?.■一BecauseIdon'lwantto..2)如果原因已被人們所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用as或since。Since比as

52稍微正式一點。As和since引導(dǎo)的從句一般放在句子的開頭。例如：_Ashewasn'tready,weleftwithouthim..SinceIhavenomoney,Ican'tbuyanyfood.(3)for用來補充說明一種理由，因此，for引導(dǎo)的從句幾乎可以放在括號里。For引導(dǎo)的句子不放在句子的開頭。例如：Idecidedtostopandhavelunch——forIwasfeelingquitehungry.(4)if,whetherif和whether都可作“是否”講，在引導(dǎo)賓與從句是一般可互換。例如：Iwonderwhether(if)youstillstudyinthatschool.Idon'tknowwhether(if)helikesthatfilm.在下列情況下，只能用whether,不能用if：1)引導(dǎo)主語從句時。例如：Whetherhewillcometothepartyisunknown.2)引導(dǎo)表語從句時。例如：ThequestioniswhetherIcanpasstheexam.3)在不定式前。例如：Ihaven'tmadeupmymindwhethertogothereornot.(5)so...that,such...that1)so...that中的so是個副詞,其后只能跟形容詞或副詞，而such...that中的such是個形容詞，后接名詞或名詞短語。例如：I'msotiredthatIcan'twalkanyfarther.Itwassuchawarmdaythathewentswimming.2)如果在名詞之前有many,much,little,few時，用so,不用sucho例如:Hehassolittleeducationthatheisunabletogetajob.IhavehadsomanyfallsthatIamblackandblueallover.(6)(7)although,but這兩個連詞不能用在同一個句子中。(8)because,so這兩個連詞同樣不能用在同一個句子中?！净A(chǔ)練習(xí)】（一）根據(jù)句意選用and,but,oi;so,while,for填空。1.Thegroundiswet,itrainedlastnight.2.It'safinedaytoday,everyoneisbusy.3.Thisisourfirstlesson,Idon'tknowallyournames.4.Takeanumbrellawithyou,you'llgetwet.5.DoyouunderstandwhatIsaiddoyouwantmetoexplainitagain?6.Wehaveclassesinthemorning,wedon'thaveclassesintheafternoon.7.Sheisadoctor1amateacher.8.Useyourhead,you'llfindaway.9.Theywenttothezooyesterday,theydidn'tseeanyanimals.1..1mustgonow,it'sgettingdark.11.Becareful,youwillfalloffthetree.12.—Excuseme.Doyouhaveatablefortwo?一I'msorry,therearen*tanyseatsnow.Wouldyoumindwaitingforawhile?13.Nevergiveup,you'llmakeit.14.Shewasverythirsty,shedranksomewaterfromtheriver.15.Youmustworkhard,you'llfallbehind.

5311.Thedresswasveryexpensive,Ididn'tbuyit.12.Myuncledoesn'thavemuchmoney,healwaysenjoyshimself.13.一Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?一I'dliketo,I'mbusy.12、Getupearlytomorrow,youwon*tgettherebeforeseven.(二)選擇最佳答案：()1MyauntaskswhetherIlikeawoolensweateracottonone.A.butB.orC.andD.not()2EitherMaryLucytoldhimtocometoseeus.A.orB.andC.withD.nor()3Hurryup,we'llbelateforthefilm.A.andB.butC.soD.or()4Bequick,wellbelate.A.andB.orC.butD.so()5Werantothetrees,wecouldn'tseeanymoremonkeys.A.butB.soC.andD.for()6LiPingWuFangLeaguemembers.A.Neither;nor;areB.Either;nor;isC.Both;and;areD.Neither;or;is()7Youcanstayathomegoouttoplay.A.either;orB.so;thatC.neither;andD.both;and()8WeiHuaAnnverybusy.A.Both;and;isB.So;and;isC.Either;or;isD.So;that;are()9MondayTuesdayisOK,Iwillbefreethen.A.Either;orB.Neither;norC.So;thatD.Both;and()10mybrothersisteraredoctors.A.Not;butB.Neither;norC.Both;andD.Either;or()11Theteacher,aswellashisstudentsfootball.A.likeB.likesC.enjoyD.play()12Thedoctor,alongwiththesenursessenttothecountry.A.areB.wereC.haveD.was()13Mysister,togetherwithherclassmatesinterestedinthenewbook.A.areB.wereC.isD.have()14sheIknowshistelephonenumber,becauseithasbeenchanged.A.Both;andB.Either;orC.Notonly;butalsoD.Neither;nor()15JackTomwatchedTVyesterdayeveningbecausetheywerebusywiththeirlessons.A.Both;andB.Notonly;butalsoC.Not;butD.Neither;nor()16Youmaysitthisendthatendoftheboat.A.neither;norB.both;andC.either;orD.between;and()17Noneoftheshoesaretherightsize.Theyaretoobigtoosmall.A.or;orB.either;orC.neither;norD.both;and()18WhenLilywasthree,shecouldreadwrite.A.not;butB.not;andC.neither;norD.either;or()19Weshouldlearnfrombooks.fromworkersandfarmers.A.both;andB.either;orC.neither;norD.as;as

54()20Wewenttothecinema,tothepark.A.didnot;/B.not;butC.either;orD.both;and二、從屬連詞：1.分類：【基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)】(-)選擇所給的連詞填空：when,because,but,before,if,so....that,as....as,not...until,and,after,or,since1.Hurryup,please!you'llbelateforschool.2.Shegotobedhermothercameback.3.YesterdayJimdidn'tgotoseethefilm,hemustgooverhislessons.4.Thestudentsweretalkingaboutthesportsmeetingtheteachercamein.5.IwastiredIcouldn'twalkanymore.6.Thisbuildingistallthatone.7.Tomwasillyesterday,hestillwenttoschoolasusual.8.HeaskedmeIwouldgotherewithhim.9.Wehavestudiedhere1994.10.ThechildhadstudiedEnglishfortwoyearshewenttomiddleschool.11.theboyfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.12.Studyhardonyoursubjects,you'lldowellintheexam.(-)選擇最佳答案：()1.LiuMingtoldushisclasswereexcitedbythenews.A.whenB.howC.thatD.before)2.Myfatherdidn'tcomebackhefinishedallthework.A.untilB.whileC.ifD.assoonas)3.MorepeoplecameIhadexpected.A.asifB.sothatC.sinceD.than)4.Hecan'tdecidewhichtochoosethere'snodifferencebetweenthem.A.butB.soC.becauseD.and)5.Lifetodayiseasieritwashundredsofyearsago.A.than.asC.whatD.when)6.theteachercameintotheclassroom,allthechildrenstoodup.A.WhetherB.AswellasC.IfD.Assoonas)7.thepopulationofacitygrows,itsproblemsalsogrow.A.AsB.WithC.AssoonD.If)8.ThefilmwassomovingMikewantedtoseeitagain.A.thatB.andC.soD.where)9.thecardislostduringyourstayinthehotel,pleasecalltheservicecenter.A.WhatB.BeforeC.BecauseD.If【中等題】(一)并列連詞1.Thatwasalongdulltalk.A.soB.andC.sothatD.or2.theparentstheirchildrenwantedtomovetothecountry.A.Both,aswellasB.Neither,norC.Either,andD.Both,also

553.Hewon'tliveintown,willhiswife.A.eitherB.neitherC.alsoD.too4.Charlietookthejob,hediditverywell.A.soB.yetC.andD.sothat5.Mygrandfatherisinhiseighties,heisstillingoodhealth.A.orB.butC.soD.for6.—It'snothingserious.Juststayinbedforoneortwodays.takeiteasy.—Allright.A.StillB.AndC.ButalsoD.But7.Thinkitoveryouwillfindaway.A.orB.soC.andD.that8.CoopercanspeakChinesereadandwriteit.A.notonly,butalsoB.both,alsoC.notonly,andstillD.either,and9.Iwouldliketogoswimming,hewon't.A.andB.forC.norD.but10.Don'tstandatthedoor.comeingoout.A.Both,andB.Either,orC.Notonly,butalsoD.So,or11.Don'tfrightenthehorse,itwillkickyou.A.andB.sinceC.forD.or12.Wemustsetoutearlierthanyesterday,wewilltraveleightymilestoday.A.forB.andC.thoughD.when13.Itmustbelate,.alltheshopshaveclosed.A.becauseB.andC.soD.for14.Theroadwasnarrow,hedroveascarefullyhecould.A.so,asB.as,asC.and,whenD.but,assoonas15.Youaren,tlistening,111shutup.A.butB.whenC.soD.or16.Theboyhasmademanymistakes;,youarehisteacher,youshouldhelphim.A.though,soB.still,andC.for,soD.still,yet17.Ican'tbuyanewcomputeruntilnextmonth,I'llhavetousethisoldonenow.A.soB.whileC.sinceD.but18.Thewashingmachineisquite,old;,itworkswell.A.stillB.soC.sothatD.for19.Youmustworkharder,you'llbeputintoanotherclass.A.beforeB.orC.andD.sothat20.Thefrontdoorwaslocked,Iwentroundtothebackdoor.A.soB.butC.orD.fbr21.Inthatpartofthedesertwecouldn'tseeplantanimals.A.neither,norB.either,orC.both,andD.no,also22.Thereisairallaroundus,wecan*tseeit.A.soB.forC.butD.nor23.Youmaysitatthisend.youmaysitatthatend.

56A.ForB.AndC.OrD.So3.Theywereverybored,theystilllistenedtohim.A.soB.orC.forD.but4.EnglishisspokeninBritainandtheUnitedStalesbypeopleoutsideBritainandtheUnitedStates.A.notonly,butalsoB.neither,norC.either,aswellasD.both,aswellas（二）從屬連詞1.1askedhimdogitwas.A.whoseB.whichC.who'sD.where2.Theygotoconcertsofmodemmusictheyreallylikeit.A.becauseB.ifC.thoughD.after3.Findouttheyaregoingthiseveningandaskmayjointhem.A.whether,thatB.where,whetherC.what,ifD.where,why4.Histalkwasdullweallgotbored.

57B.very,thatD.so,thatA.as,asC.so.as2.MotheraskedCharlieliehadstayedoutsolate.A.howB.whyC.whenD.where3.Mydaughterboughtanewring,butshedidn'twanttotellmeitreallycost.A.howoftenB.howmanyC.howmuchD.howlong4.Canyoutellmethetimeis.A.whatB.howmuchC.howlongD.which5.DoyouthinkthenewcartoonwillbeshownonTVnextweek?A.whetherB.thatC.whenD.where6.Tellmeofthesecoatsyouprefer.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.who7.—Doyoualwaysgotoworkonfoot?—Notalways.itrains,Iusuallygotoworkbybus.A.WhenB.WhileC.AsD.Whether8.Thethiefwascaughthewasleavingthestore.A.asB.afterC.beforeD.until9.WelearnedalittleJapanesewewereinJapan.A.asB.sinceC.tillD.while10.youwon'thelpme,Imustdotheexercisemyself.A.ForB.NowthatC.SothatD.While11.Thesingertriedhisbesthemightwintheprize.A.sothatB.asC.tillD.if12.It'snotcoldtodayitwasyesterday.A.so,thatB.so,asC.very,asD.as,than13.Ileftforhome1wastoldthatallthestudentshadreturnedhome.A.untilB.afterC.whileD.so14.Weallstoodonthechairswecouldseetheactorsclearly.A.becauseB.beforeC.afterD.sothat15.I'mgladthatyouwillcome,buttellmeyouwillarrive.A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.if16.Hehasmadegreatprogressinhisstudies,buthe'sworkingevenharderallofus.A.thanB.asC.likeD.of17.hewasn'tinterestedinmusic,hecametotheconcert.A.SinceB.ThoughC.WhenD.As18.Tomwasdoinghishomework,Jimwassleeping.A.WhileB.ForC.WhenD.Since19.youunderstandthisrule,youwon'thaveanytroubleindoingtheseexercises.A.WhileB.UntilC.AssoonasD.Whether20.wefailagain,wewillhavetogiveuptheplan.A.SinceB.WhetherC.IfD.Till21.Iwilltellhimallaboutithegetshere.A.assoonasB.sinceC.untilD.though22.IstilllistenedtohimIwasveryangrywithhim.A.becauseB.thoughC.ifD.when

582.Wehavebeengoodfriendswemeteachothernineyearsago.A.sinceB.whenC.afterD.before3.Hewentondoinghisjobhewasaskedtostop.A.whileB.sinceC.tillD.after4.Iwonderwewillhaveanynewsubjectsnextterm.A.thatB.whenC.whetherD.why5.Shewillhavetodothecookingherselfhermotherdoesn'tcomehomebeforesix.A.whenB.ifC.tillD.since6.Ihandedinmytestpaper,IknewIhadmadeamistakeinthelastproblem.A.AsB.SinceC.WhileD.Assoonas7.ItwasstilldarkIgotupaboutsixthatmorning.A.whileB.whenC.tillD.though8.Hedidn'tleavealltheotherslefttheburninghouse.A.untilB.asC.sinceD.so9.ThatpianoissoheavyIcan'tmoveitalone.A.thenB.asC.thatD.so10.rilhavedinnerinthatrestaurantIgotoAustraliaagain.A.whileB.sothatC.untilD.if11.IwillcallaclassmeetingIcanheareveryone'snewideaabouttheNewYear'sparty.A.sothatB.thatC.whichD.for12.IwassleepinginmybedroomIwaswokenupbyaloudnoise.A.whenB.whereC.thenD.till13.theafternoonlessonsbegan,theteacherwassurprisedtofindLiLiwasnotthere.A.AssoonasB.UntilC.AsD.Nowthat14.MissYanggradedallthepapers,shefoundtenpupilshadfailed.A.TillB.AfterC.IfD.As15.everyoneofyouhasgotthebook,Iwon'treadthetextagain.A.WhileB.ThoughC.NowthatD.Before16.Wehavereducedourworkinghoursitistoohot.A.whenB.ifC.thatD.as【提高題】(-)用適當?shù)倪B詞填空：1、Shetriedhardshefailed.2、Bequick,he'llbeangry.3、Youmaydoityourselfleaveittome.4、HecouldreadEnglishJapanesewell.5、Hedidn'tknowanythingaboutthathecouldn'ttellyou.6、youhewashereyesterday.Theywereatthecinema.7、Youcaneatitathomeintheopenair.EitherisOK.8、Useyourhead,you'llhaveaway.9、She'sourteacherourfriend.10、Writetomesoon,I'llknowalotaboutyou.11、Hewasill,hewastakentothehospital.12、Shefinishedtheworkquitequickly,didn'tdoitverywell.

5913、Youmayhaveacupofteaaglassofwater.14、Havearestandtakethismedicine,youwillbeworse.15、Thisshirtistoobigtosmallforme.I6^Weshouldbefriendlytothegirlstheboys.17、Hewasrathertired,hekeptonworking.18、Idon'tknowhim,doIknowwherehecomesfrom.19、ShemustcomefromScotland,onlytheScotchtalkinthatway.20、Sheisanartistascientist.（二）用適當?shù)倪B詞將下列句子合并起來：1.Mrs.SmithtalkedtoAllan.Allanstudiedevenharde匚2.1waslateforthemeeting.Imissedthe7:00bus.3.TheEnglishmanwastryinghard.TheGermangaveup.4.Thestudentsstillhadtheirsportsmeeting.Itwasraining5.Youhavetimetomorrow.We'llwaitforyouattheschool-gate.6.Theyhaveknowneachother.Theywereveryyoung.7.1sawawalletontheground.Iwaswalkinginthestreet.8.Theytriedtoworkoutthedifficultproblembythemselves.Theyaskedtheteacher.9.1willbelieveit.Iseeitwithmyowneyes.10.We'llhelpyou.You'reintrouble.全國各地中考真題：1.--Hurryup.Thebusiscoming.——Oh,no.Wemustn'tcrossthestreetthetrafficlightsaregreen.A.afterB.sinceC.whileD.until2.1willneverforgetthatterribleaccidentithappenedsolongago.

60A.onlyifBeventhoughC.onlywhenD.eversince3.Youwon'tpassyourexamsyouworkharder.A.whenB.ifC.unlessD.after4.HemetmanyproblemshewasgoingoverhislessonsA.beforeB.assoonasC.sinceD.while5.Hurryup,Jack.Wehavetogettothestationbefore11:45wecancatchthe12:00train.A.sinceB.afterC.assoonasD.sothat5.1triedtocallyouIheardfromhim,butyouwerenotin.A.sinceB.whileC.untilD.assoonas7.1waslateforclassyesterdaytherewassomethingwrongwithmybike.A.whenB.thatC.untilD.because8.theyarebrothers,theydon*tlooklikeeachotheratall.A.BecauseB.ThoughC.WhenD.As9.■--thisdresswaslastyear'sstyle.■一Ithinkitstilllooksperfectithasgoneoutthisyear.A.sothatB.eventhoughC.asifD.eversince10.Sheboughtadigitalcameraonlineshesavedalotofmoney.A.sothatB.assoonasC.nomatterD.suchthat11.YesterdayIwasjusttogooutsomeonetelephonedme.A.whenB.whileC.asD.that12、Agoodfriendalwaysgivesyouahelpinghandyou'reintrouble.(06)A.whenB.beforeC.untilD.though13、SomepassengerswerewalkingthroughoneofthebighallsatParis'CharlesDeGaulleAirportthewhole3必屋頂)felldown.(04)A.whileB.assoonasC.whenD.after14、Youwillbeabletogetgoodmarks.(03)A.whileyouaredoingyourhomeworkbyyourselfB.ifyoudosomerevisioneverydayC.beforeyoubegintostudyhardD.untilyoufollowyourteacher'sadvice15>Bobspendsalotofmoneyonbooksheisnotrich.(02)A.ifB.thoughC.whenD.because

6116>Weshouldleaveearlytomorrowmorning,wewon'tgetthereontime.(08)A)soB)orC)butD)and17、Billwon'tmakeanyprogresshestudiesharderthanbefore.(08)A)ifB)whenC)becauseD)unless18、Johnfailedtoclimbtothetopofthemountainseveraltimes,hedidn'tgiveup.(09)A)AlthoughB)BecauseC)WhetherD)Unless19^KeepanEnglishdiary,yourEnglishwillimprove.(09)A)orB)sinceC)whenD)and20>Wewillhavenowatertodrinkwedon'tprotecttheearth.A)untilB)beforeC)thoughD)if動詞一、動詞的分類：根據(jù)其在句中的功能，動詞可分為四類，分別是：實義動詞(行為動詞)、連系動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞。(-).實義動詞有完整的詞義，能單獨做謂語.根據(jù)用法，可分為及物動詞(vt.后面宜接跟名詞或代詞作賓語)和不及物動詞(vi不能宜接跟名詞或代詞，加賓語時必須加介詞)。同一動詞有時可用作及物動詞，有時可用作不及物動詞。例如：Shecandanceandsing.她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物動詞。)ShecansingmanyEnglishsongs.她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物動訶。)但也有一些動詞只能用做及物動詞，如：visit,ask,win,tell,answer,feel,serve,marry,discuss,beat,reach,kill,drop等.而下列一些動詞通常情況下只能用做不及物動詞：reply(to),return(to),point(to,at),knock(at,on,into),wait(for),listen(to),arrive(at,to),fall(down,off),look(at,after...)(二).連系動詞(LinkVerb)它本身有詞義，但不能單獨用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。二、根據(jù)系動詞的意義，我們把英語系動詞分為四類：A.五大感官系動詞B.狀態(tài)系動詞C.動態(tài)系動詞D.雙謂語系動詞A.五大感官系動詞，描述一種感官性質(zhì)。由實義感官動詞變化而來，都是半系動詞。1.look”看起來像是“，后接adj.、n.、分詞、介詞短語、不定式等。Thegirlbitherlipsandlookedthoughtful.這位女孩咬著嘴唇，看上去若有所思。2.smell"聞起來”，后接adj.分詞。Theflowerssmellsweet.這些花氣味真香。3.sound"聽起來”，后接2句.\分詞。Themusicsoundssweet.這首詩聽起來真悅耳。4.taste"嘗起來"，后接adj.\分詞。Theapplestasteverygood.這些蘋果很好吃。5.Feel①“摸起來，給感覺”；②“覺得"，后接adj./p.p.Youwillfeelbetterafteranight'ssleep.睡上一晚，你會覺得好些。B.狀態(tài)系動詞：1.be,“是“，屈完全系動詞。Iama$ludent.我是一個學(xué)生。

621.seem,“似乎，好像“，完全系動詞。Theyseemquitehappy,他們似乎很快樂。2.appear,“顯得，看起來好像”，半系動詞。Itappeared（tobe）atruestory.看來這是一個真實的故事。3.keep,“保持……的狀態(tài)"，半系動詞，后接adj或介詞短語。You'dbettergotobedandkeepwarm.你最好躺在床上去暖和一下。4.remain,“仍是”，半系動詞。Iremainedsilent.我仍然緘默。5.stay”保持（某種狀態(tài)）”，半系動詞，后接adj.、過去分詞。Thewindowstayedopenallthenight.6.prove“證明是"，半系動詞，后接adj.Xn.Thetreatmentprovedtobesuccessful.這種療法證明是成功的。C動態(tài)系動詞：都屬于半系動詞，描述狀態(tài)變化過程。1.get”變成，變得……起來”，后可接形容詞、分詞、介詞短語。Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.白天變得越來越長了。2.fall”進入（某種狀態(tài)），成為“，后常接以下形容詞：asleep,lame,silent,ill,sick,flat.Myfatherfellillanddied.我的父親生病死了。3.grow”漸漸變得……起來，長得”Ifsgrowingwarm.天氣漸漸暖和起來了。4.turn”轉(zhuǎn)變成（新的與原來完全不同的色彩或性質(zhì)），變質(zhì)（色）Mapletreesturnredinautumn.楓葉在秋天變紅了。5.go,“變成（某種壞的狀態(tài)）"go之后常接的adj.還有：bad,blind,wild,wrong,sour,hard,hungry,mad,red,with,anger,white,pale,blue,grey.Thetelephonehasgonedead.電話不通了。6.become”變成，成為（好壞均可的情況）”Ibecameinterestedindrawing.我開始對素描感興趣了。Hebecameangrywithme.他對我生氣了。7.become,“變成為（已知的狀態(tài)），證實為“，后常接形容詞或前綴un.的過去分詞作表語，表示狀態(tài)或情況的變化。Hiswishtobecomeapilothascometrue.他想當飛行員的愿望實現(xiàn)了。Ifyoulookintothematter,everythingwillcomeclear.如果你調(diào)查一下這事，一切都會清楚。后面常接的形容詞還有：apart,dear（昂貴），natural,open,short,right（$fT）,unstuck（沒有粘?。瑄ntied（松開）。8.run,“變成"，后接adj.Thepriceranhigh.價格上升了。9.make,“達到某種狀態(tài)［后接形容詞］,如sure,certain,merry,bold,freeWemustmakecertainoffacts.我們一定要弄清事實。D.雙謂語系動詞此類系動詞既有系動詞的功能，后接表語，又保留原實義動詞本身的含義。例如：Therunrosered.太陽升起紅艷艷。Shestoppedandstoodquiteslill.她停下來然后一絲不動地站著。Thesnowlaythickontheground.雪厚厚地堆積在地上。Hemarriedyoung.他結(jié)婚很早。LeiFengdiedyoung.宙鋒早-逝。

63Hecontinuedsilent.他繼續(xù)沉默不語。IV.系動詞與高考及其練習(xí)1.系動詞出現(xiàn)于單項選擇題中①Thestorysounds(MET89)A.IdbetrueB.astrueC.beingtrueD.true(2)Thoseorangestaste

64A.doesn'tfeelB.isn'tfeltC.isn'tfeelingD.doesn'ttouch⑦Howhappyitformetobehomeagainaftertwentyyearsabroad!A.givesB.feelsC.isfeltD.isgiven⑧Johndriversincebvomonthsago.A.becameaB.hasbecomeaC.hasturnedD.hasbeena⑨Hehefeltveiyoverthedeathoftheboy.A.seemedthat,sadB.seemedasif,sadlyC.lookedasthough,sadD.lookedthat,sadness@TheicethickontheriverA.islainB.layC.laidD.lie只能與主要動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語態(tài)等語法特征。(三).助動詞：本身沒有詞義，不能單獨作句子的謂語,語.主要幫助句子構(gòu)成否定、疑問以及動詞的不同時態(tài)、常見的助動詞有：1)beamisarewaswerebeenbeing2)hashavehadhaving3)dodoesdidshallwillwouldshouldhave的基本用法：should/wouldhavedonehavebeendoingshould/wouldhave□have作助動詞，構(gòu)成完成時態(tài)和完成進行時態(tài)havedonehaddoneshall/willhavedonehave/hasbeendoinghadbeendoingshall/willbeendoing2)have作及物動詞的用法1表示所屬關(guān)系“有”Shehasahappychildhood.2和許多名詞連用表示動作haveachat(with)和聊天havearest休息一會兒haveawash洗一■洗havealongwalk長時間散步havealookat瞧haveaquarrel(with)和吵了一架3表示“吃”“喝”“患有”Theyarehavingfishforsuper.Ihaveaheadache.3)構(gòu)成某些句型1have4-N./Pron+(to)do讓某人做某事2have+N./Pron+p.p讓別人做某事或遭遇某事Sheishavinghereyestested.3have+N./Pron+v-ing讓某人做某事/讓某事發(fā)生Hetriedtohavehertalking,butnouse.(四)?情態(tài)動詞：掌握情態(tài)動詞的定義：表示可能、懷疑、允諾、愿望、義務(wù)、必要、猜測等的動詞是情態(tài)動詞。主要的情態(tài)動詞有：cancouldmaymightwillwouldmustshallshouldought

65beabletohavetotodareneedusedtohadbetter2.掌握情態(tài)動詞的語法特征1）情態(tài)動詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，只表示期待或估計某事的發(fā)生。2）情態(tài)動詞除ought和have外，后面只能接不帶to的不定式。3）情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加4）情態(tài)動詞沒有非謂語形式，即沒有不定式，分詞，等形式。一can和Could1）表能力1意為“能夠”“會”體力腦力方面的能力Icouldrunfasterthen.2表能力時可以與beableto互換。但后者可與表示將來或完成的詞聯(lián)用，前者不能。Shehasnotbeenabletocomeschoolforthreedays.3was/wereableto=managedtodosth.=succeededindoingsth.設(shè)法干成某事Heissuchagoodswimmerthathewasabletosavethetwoboysfromdrowningtheotherdays,could具備某種能力2）表可能性Anybodycanmakemistakes.3）表許可Can/CouldIgonow?4）表示委婉的提出請求could更委婉不是時態(tài)的區(qū)別Couldyoutellmethetime?5）表驚訝懷疑不相信等態(tài)度常用于否定，疑問句中Whatcanitpossiblebe?這究竟是什么呢？Couldthisbetrue?這可能是真的嗎？二may和might1）表示許可或征求對方意見MayIwatchTVaftersuper?否定時用mustn't2）表沒有把握的推測，可能性。有許可可能之意。might更委婉Theymighthavealotofworktodo.3）用于表目的或讓步狀語從句中ShewasstudyingEnglishsothatshemightreadEnglishbooks.4）may放在句首，表示祝愿。Mayyousucceed!注意：might表示推測時，不表示時態(tài)。只是可能性比may小。成語：may/mightaswell,后面接不帶to的不定式，意為“不妨”。Ifthatisthecase,wemayaswelltry.典型例題

66Petercomewithustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet.A.mustB.mayC.canD.will答案B.表可能性只能用may.此句意可從后半句推出。三must1必須應(yīng)該肯定句用must；否定句用neednot/don'thaveto。而mustn't有禁止不準之意。2must表示推測must用在肯定句中表示較有把握的推測，意為“一定”。表推測時否定用cannotmust表對現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情的推測時，must后面通常接系動詞be的原形或行為動詞的進行式。Youhaveworkedhardallday.Youmustbetired.你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（對現(xiàn)在情況的推測判斷）Hemustbeworkinginhisoffice.他?定在辦公室工作呢。比較：Hemustbestayingthere.他現(xiàn)在肯定呆在那里。Hemuststaythere.他必須呆在那。must表示對已發(fā)生的事情的推測時，must要接完成式。Ididn'thearthephone.Imusthavebeenasleep.3表必然性Allmanmustdie.四oughtto1應(yīng)該應(yīng)當相當于should但比should語氣重Suchthingsoughtnottobedown.2表可能性Maryoughttobehomebynow.五usedto只有一般過去式這一種存在形式表示過去習(xí)慣發(fā)生的動作現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再發(fā)生Peopleusedtothinkthattheearthwasflat.六dare1常用于否定句疑問句“敢”Dareyougotoschoolbyyourself?2句中含有否定或疑問意義時用肯定Ihardlydarethinkofit.我簡直不敢想這件事。HeaskedmewhetherIdareswimacrosstheriver.七need必須必要疑問否定中Youneedn'tworryaboutit.八shall1用在疑問句中，用來征求對方意見，請求指示或向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh，用于第一三人稱。Shallwestartthemeetingnow?2用于第二三人稱表示說話者的一種決定允許威脅。

67Ifyouworkhard,youshallhaveaholidayonSunday.允許Sheshalldoit,whethershewantsornot.決定Heshallsufferforthis.Heshallpayyouwhatheowesyou.九should1勸告建議可與oughtto互換Youshouldkeepyourpromise.2表示委婉陳述自己的意見Ishouldthinkyouareright.我想你是對的。3表驚異憂慮惋惜歡欣不滿等情緒。Whyshouldyouthinkso?Il'sstrangethatitshouldbesohottoday.It'swonderfulthatyoushouldhaveachievedsomuchinthesedays.4表推測。表示對現(xiàn)在將來情況的推測“可能會”Heshouldbehereatanymoment.十will1表意志意愿Iwilltellyouallaboutit.Comewheneveryouwill.2用于第二三人稱的疑問句中表詢問請求Willyoucomewithme?3用于第二三人稱表推測Themanwiththebookwillbemyteacher.拿書的那個人可能是我的老師。YouwillrememberthestoryItoldyoutheotherday.你大概4有時表示?種習(xí)慣性動作，常用于第三人稱。Fishwilldieoutofwater.Shewillsitthereforhoursdoingnothing.H—,would1表過去的意愿Theysaidtheywouldhelpus.2表詢問請求Wouldyoulikesomeapples?IwouldliketoWouldn'titbebettertoleavetomorrow?3表示過去習(xí)慣發(fā)生的動作區(qū)別usedtoWhenhewasthere,hewouldgotothatcoffeeshopafterworkeveryday.4表推測Thatwouldbehisfather.十二hadbetter/bestwouldratherdothendowouldratherthatWe'dbetternotinvitehim.Hadhebettersetoffatonce?他馬上動身好嗎？Hewouldratherdiethansurrender.Iwouldratheryouhadn'tlenthimthebiketheotherday.重難點解析怎樣選用can和may

68情態(tài)動詞can和may都能表示“可能性”。如:Hemayberight.他可能對。Hecan'tberight.他不可能對。那么，在表示可能性這個概念時，二者的區(qū)別是什么呢？二者所適用的句子類型不同。一般說來，can多用于疑問句和否定句，表示懷疑或不相信等態(tài)度；而may則多用于陳述句(肯定)，表示一種揣測。如：Canitbetrue?No,itcannotbetrue.Wherecantheybenow?Iheartheremaybeafewcopiesleft.Whathesaidmaynotberight.二者所強調(diào)的意思不同。一般來說，can強調(diào)客觀上的可能性，而may則強調(diào)主觀上的推測或判斷。如：Mancannotlivewithoutairorwater.Shemaybeinthelibrary,1suppose.Shemaynotbetheretoday.二者表示的語氣不同。在否定句中，can表達的否定語氣較強，意為“不可能"；而may表達的否定語氣較弱，意為“可能不”或“也許不”。如：Thatcannotbetrue.(=Itisimpossiblethatthatistrue.)Thatmaynotbetrue.(=Itispossiblethatthatisnottrue.)根據(jù)以上分析，我們可以歸納為三條原則：(1)在肯定句中用may不用can;(2)在疑問句中用can不用may;(3)在否定句中，若語氣肯定，表示"不可能"時用cannot,若語氣不肯定，表示“可能不”時用maynot.比較can和beabletocan/could表示能力；可能(過去時用could),只用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式(could)。beableto可以用于各種時態(tài).Theywillbeabletotellyouthenewssoon.他很快就能告訴你消息了只用beabletoa.位于助動詞后。b.情態(tài)動詞后。c.表示過去某時刻動作時。d.用于句首表示條件。e.表示成功地做了某事時，只能用was/wereableto,不能用could。HewasabletofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.=HemanagedtofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.注意：could不表示時態(tài)D提出委婉的請求，(注意在回答中不可用could)。?一CouldIhavethetelevisionon?■一Yes,youcan./No,youcan't.2)在否定，疑問句中表示推測或懷疑。他不大可能是壞人。Hecouldn'tbeabadman.

69比較haveto和must兩詞都是，必須'的意思，haveto表示客觀的需要，must表示說話人主觀上的看法，既主觀上的必要.Mybrotherwasveryill,so1hadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.我弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請來。（客觀上需要做這件事）Hesaidthattheymustworkhard.他說他們必須努力工作。（主觀上要做這件事）haveto有人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)的變化，而must只有一種形式。但must可用于間接引語中表示過去的必要或義務(wù)。Hehadtolookafterhissisteryesterday.在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中：don4thaveto表示"不必”mustn't表示“禁止”,Youdon'thavetotellhimaboutit.你不一定要把此事告訴他。Youmusin'tellhimaboutit.你一定不要把這件事告訴他。我剛才沒有聽到電話，我想必是睡著了。情態(tài)動詞練習(xí)一、考查can的用法a.考查can表示能力的用法。在這一用法中,can表示能力,意思是“能，會，其否定式canl表示“不能“。在過去時中用could和couldn't。例如：1.-Where*sMr.Lee?Ihavesomethingunusualtotellhim.-Youfindhim.HeJapan.A.maynot;hasgonetoB.maynot;hasbeentoC.can't;hasgonetoD.can't;hasbeento2.-Finishdrawingahorseintenminutes.OK?-Sorry.ItinsuchashorttimeA.maydoB.can'tbedoneC.mustdoD.needn'tbedone1.1havemyownroominmyhouse,soIdowhatIwantinit.A.mustB.havetoC.needtoD.can4.youmendmycar?Inotstartit.A.Would;wouldB.Must;mustC.Can;canD.May;may5.sheridewhenshewasthreeyearsold?A.CanB.CouldC.NeedD.May6.Theboyanswerthiskindofhardquestionsoneyearago.A.canB.mayC.couldb.考查can表示推測的用法。在這一用法中,can意為"可能”，表示客觀可能性，常常用于疑問句和否定句中。例如:7.Whoisthemanoverthere?IsitMr.Li?-No,itbehim.Mr.Liismuchtaller.A.mustn'tB.maynotC.can'tD.needn't8.-Listen!Someoneissinginginthenextroom.Whoitbe?IsitWeiFang?-No.Itbeher.Sheisatschoolnow.A.will;maynotB.must;mustn'tC.may;can'tD.may;won't

704.-IsMr.Huinthereadingroom?-No,hebethere.HehasgonetoTianjin.A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.won'tD.can't5.Class3wonthefootballmatch!itbetrue?A.MayB.MustC.WillD.Canc.考查can/could表示請求許可的用法在這一用法中,can和could都表示現(xiàn)在，用could比用can語氣更加委婉客氣，常用CouldI/you...?句式，表示“我/你能嗎?”若表示同意要用can,不用could?例如：6..-CouldIlookatyourpictures?-Yes,ofcourseyou.A.couldB.canC.willD.might7.youpassmeapen?I'dliketowritedownthetelephonenumber.A.NeedB.CouldC.MustD.Should二、考查must的用法a.考查must表示義務(wù)的用法。在這一用法中,must意為"必須"，"應(yīng)該"，表示必須要做的事，其否定式mustn't表示禁止，即不許對方做某事。例如：8.-MayIgotothecinema,Mum?-Certainly.Butyoubebackby11o*clock.A.canB.mayC.mustD.need9.-SARSissuchaterribledisease.-Yes,itis.Webemorecareful.A.canB.mayC.mustD.need10.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbishintotheriver.A.needn'tbethrownB.mustn'tbethrownC.can'tthrowD.maynotthrow11.Thesebooksoutofthereadingroom.Youhavetoreadthemhere.A.can'ttakeB.mustbetakenC.cantakeD.mustn'tbetaken12.Cars,busesandbikesstopwhentrafficlightschangetored.A.canB.mayC.mustD.need13.-Canyougoswimmingwithusthisafternoon?-Sorry,Ican't.Itakecareofmylittlesisterathomebecausemymotherisill.A.canB.mayC.wouldD.haveto14.-MustIfinishtheworkbeforefiveo'clock?-No,you.A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.haveto15.-Icomebackbeforefiveo'clock?-No,you.Butyoubebacklaterthanseveno'clock.A.Need;must;mustn'tB.May;mustn't;can'tC.Can;can't;can'tD.Must;needn't;can't16.-MustIcleantheroomrightnow?

71-No,you.Youcleanitafterlunch.A.needn*t;canB.needn*t;mayC.mustn't;canD.mustn't;mayb.考查must表示推測的用法。在這一用法中,must意為"一定","肯定"，表示可能性很大，通常用于肯定句，在否定句中要用can't,表示"不可能"。例如：4.Susan'sparentshaveboughtalargehousewithaswimmingpool.Itbeveryexpensive.A.mustB.canC.mustn'tD.can't5.ThisbookLucy's.Look!Hernameisonthebookcover.A.mustbeB.maybeC.can'tbeD.mustn'tbe三、考查may的用法a.考查may表示請求許可的用法在這一用法中,may表示許可或征詢對方許可，表示“可以”的意思，常常與第一人稱I連用,構(gòu)成MayI...句式，表示“我可以嗎?”肯定回答用Yes,youmay.;Yes,please.等;否定回答用No,youcant或No,youmustnt,不用No,youmaynot.例如：25.-Ihaveyourname,please?-Yes,Michael.M-I-C-H-A-E-L.A.MustB.WillC.MayD.Need26.-MayIgotothecinema,dad?-No,you.Youmustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.A.mustn'tB.won'tC.don'tD.needn't27.-MayIsmokehere?-,you.Itcanbedangerous.A.Yes;canB.No;can*tC.Yes;mayD.No,needn'tb.測試may表示可能性的用法。在這一用法中,may表示可能性,意思是"也許","可能"，通常用于肯定句中。例如：28.YougoandaskMeimei.Sheknowtheanswer.A.must;canB.must;mayC.need;canD.can;may29.Lookout!Theknifeisverysharp.Youcutyourfinger.A.needB.mustC.shouldD.may情態(tài)動詞綜合練習(xí)1.—How'syourtouraroundtheNorthLake?Isitbeautiful?-Itbe,butitisnowheavilypolluted.A.willB.wouldC.shouldD.must2.—Guesswhat!IhavegotAformytermpaper.—Great!Youreadwidelyandputalotofworkintoit.A.mustB.shouldC.musthaveD.shouldhave3.TheteacherhavethoughtJohnsonwasworthitorshewouldn'thavewastedtimeonhim,Isuppose.

72A.shouldB.canC.wouldD.must1.Incrowdedplaceslikeairportsandrailwaystations,youtakecareofyourluggage.A.canB.mayC.mustD.will2.MyMP4playerisn'linmybag.WhereIhaveputit?A.canB.mustC.shouldD.would3.Thebiggestproblemformostplants,whichjustgetupandrunawaywhenthreatened,isthatanimalsliketoeatthem.A.shan'tB.can'tC.needn'tD.mustn't4.—Shelooksveryhappy.Shehavepassedtheexam.—Iguessso.It'snotdifficultafterall.A.shouldB.couldC.mustD.might5.—Whereismydictionary?IrememberIputithereyesterday.—Youitinthewrongplace.A.mustputB.shouldhaveputC.mightputD.mighthaveput6.—TurnofftheTV,Jack..yourhomeworknow?一Mum,justtenmoreminutes,please.A.ShouldyoubedoingB.Shouldn*tyoubedoingC.Couldn'tyoubedoingD.Willyoubedoing7.Itoldyourfriendhowtogettothehotel,butperhapsIhavedrivenherthere.A.couldB.mustC.mightD.should8.Thebosshasgiveneveryoneaspecialholiday,sowegotoworktomorrow.A.can*tB.musin'tC.needn*tD.shouldn*t9.——Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?——"Nopersonsmokeorcarryalightedcigarette?cigarorpipeinthisarea.99A.willB.mayC.shallD.must10.—Mycat'sreallyfat.一Youhavegivenhersomuchfood.A.wouldn'tB.couldn'tC.shouldn'tD.mustn't11.—Whatdoyouthinkwecandoforouragedparents?-Youdoanythingexcepttobewiththemandbeyourself.A.don'thavetoB.oughtn'ttoC.mustn'tD.can't12.Lizawellnotwanttogoonthetrip-shehatestraveling.A.willB.canC.mustD.may13.WhenIwasyoung,IwastoldthatIplaywithmatchesA.wouldn'tB.needn'tC.mustn'tD.daren't14.Accordingtotheairtrafficrules,youswitchoffyourmobilephonebeforeboarding.A.mayB.canC.wouldD.should15.Shehaveleftschool,forherbikeisstillhere.A.can'tB.wouldn'tC.shouldn'tD.needn't16.---1can'tfindmypurseanywhere.■-Youhavelostitwhileshopping.A.mayB.canC.shouldD.would17.Peterbereallydifficultattimeseventhoughhe'sanicepersoningeneral.A.shallB.shouldC.canD.must18.Thankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idon'tthinkweitwithoutyou.A.canmanageB.couldhavemanagedC.couldmanageD.canhavemanaged

731.—I'msorry.Iatyoutheotherday.—Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.A.shouldn'tshoutB.shouldn'thaveshoutedC.mustn'tshoutD.mustn'thaveshouted2.Whatapity.Consideringhisabilityandexperience,hebetter.A.needhavedoneB.musthavedoneC.canhavedoneD.mighthavedone3.Youbehungryalready—youhadlunchonlytwohoursago!A.wouldn'tB.can'tC.mustn'tD.needn't4.Youdon'thavetoknowthenameoftheauthortofindabook.Youfindthebookbythetitle.A.mustB.needC.canD.would26-Whatsortofhousedoyouwanttohave?Somethingbig?—Well,itbebig—that'snotimportant.A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.can'tD.won't27.Althoughthissoundlikeasimpletask,greatcareisneeded.A.mustB.mayC.shallD.should28.ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butitberathercoldsometime.A.mustB.canC.shouldD.would29.Somepeoplewhodon'tliketotalkmucharenotnecessarilyshy；theyjustbequietpeople.A.mustB.mayC.shouldD.would30.OneofthefewthingsyousayaboutEnglishpeoplewithcertaintyisthattheytalkalotabouttheweather.A.needB.mustC.shouldD.can31.—It'stheoffice!Soyouknoweatingisnotallowedhere.一Oh,sorry.A.mustB.willC.mayD.need32.Whatdoyoumean,thereareonlytentickets?TherebetwelveA.shouldB.wouldC.willD.shall33.一Idon'tcarewhatpeoplethink.—Well,youA.couldB.wouldC.shouldD.might34.Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifitbreakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might35.—Hi,Tom.AnyideawhereJaneis?—Sheintheclassroom.Isawhertherejustnow.A.shallbeB.shouldhavebeenC.mustbeD.mighthavebeen