四川省成都市第七中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期入學(xué)考試英語試卷 Word版含解析.docx

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成都七中高2024屆高三(下)入學(xué)考試試卷英語試卷第Ⅰ卷注意事項(xiàng)：1.答第Ⅰ卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上所對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號框涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號框。不能答在本試卷上，否則無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwouldthewomanliketodo?A.Helpsomeonetypepapers.B.Havethepaperschecked.C.Gooverthepapersherself.2.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Aposition.B.Aweekendplan.C.Theman’scompany.3.Wherewillthewomangothisafternoon?A.Anofficeparty.B.Anoperahouse.C.Ashoppingmall.4.Whatdoesthewomanprefertodo?A.Workoutalone.B.Exercisewithsomeone.C.Eatbreakfastatthecafe.5.Whatdoesthewomanlikemostaboutthecity?A.Theparks.B.Theoldbuildings.C.TheFrenchrestaurant.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Howdoesthemanfeelabouthismajor?A.Uninterested.B.Inspired.C.Confused. 7.Whatdoesthemanwanttodoaftergraduation?A.Becomealawyer.B.StudyfurtherinMexico.C.Starthisownbusiness.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Wherecanthewomanvisitsomerelatives?A.InCalifornia.B.InPuertoRico.C.InSanFrancisco.9.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson.B.Husbandandwife.C.Brotherandsister.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whydoesthewomanexpressthankstotheman?A.He’lldriveherhome.B.He’llshopwithher.C.He’llentertainherfriends.11.What’stheadvantageofaconveniencestorefortheman?A.Longerbusinesshours.B.Thelowerprice.C.Muchmoreselection.12.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Eathamburgers.B.Stayatthecashcounter.C.Comparedifferentbrands.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whathappenedtothewomanatthebeginning?A.Shelostherphone.B.Shecouldn’tfindtheway.C.Shewastrappedinheavysnow.14.Whydidthewomanturnofftheengine?A.Thecarwasrunningoutofgas.B.Shestoppedtoansweracall.C.Theenginecouldn’tworkproperly.15.Howdidthewomankeepwarm?A.Bydrinkinghottea.B.Byusingthecarheater.C.Byhavingmoreclotheson.16.Whatdidtheemergencyservicesdo?A.Theycalledanambulance.B.Theyledthewomantoherhome.C.Theyhelpedthewomangotothemainroad.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhenisSweetestDay?A.ThesecondSaturdayinOctober.B.ThethirdSundayinOctober. C.ThethirdSaturdayinOctober.18.WhatisthepurposeofSweetestDay?A.Tomakefriends.B.Tomakesomeonehappy.C.Tomakecitiesmorebeautiful.19.WhodidtheClevelandmanhelp?A.Hisfriendsandrelatives.B.Theagedandhisneighbors.C.Thecity’sorphansandpatients.20.HowdidtheClevelandmanstartSweetestDay?A.Byofferinghugs.B.Bygivingawaysmallgifts.C.Bydistributingsomecash.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AOpenDaysattheUniversityofWarwickWe’dlovetomeetyou.FindoutwhatWarwick’sallabout.Wewillhaveahugerangeofactivitiestochoosefrom,togiveyouadeeperinsightintostudentlifehere.AccommodationGetasenseofwhatitwillbeliketoliveonourfabulouscampus.Ouraccommodationtrailswillguideyoutoresidenceswhichwillbeopenforyoutolookaroundfrom10:00a.m.-4:00p.m.Manyofourcurrentstudentswillalsobeopeningtheirroomsforviewingandhappytosharetheirexperiencesoflivingoncampus.AcademicTalksLearnmoreaboutourcoursesbyattendingdepartmentsessions,andspeakingtoouracademicsandcurrentstudentswhowillcontributetoyourstudentexperienceattheInformationFairfrom9:30a.m.-4:00p.m.We’dparticularlyrecommendbookingontoour“WhyWarwick?“session.Itispopularsomakesureyoureserveyourplace.SportsandSocietiesVisitourSportsandSocietiesFairtochattostudentsfromavarietyofclubsandsocieties,who’lltalktoyouaboutalltheexcitingexperiencesandactivitiesoutsideofstudy,andstartyourthinkingaboutwhatclubsandsocietiesyoumightliketojoinasastudent.CampusToursHeadovertoourcampustourtents,whereourfriendlystudentambassadorswillbereadytotakeyouonaguidedtourfrom9:15a.m.-4:00p.m.Visitourcentralcampussites,includingtheWarwickArtsCentretoseewhatyoucouldgetinvolvedin. ClickontheboxesbelowtofindoutmoreaboutourOpenDaysandfindtheanswerstosomeofourfrequentlyansweredquestions.Onceyouhavebooked,wewillsendyoumoredetailedinformation,tohelpyoupreparefortheday.1.WherecanyougettoknowaboutthecoursesatWarwick?A.AccommodationTrails.B.TheInformationFair.C.TheSportsandSocietiesFair.D.CampusTours.2.Whatcanyouexpecttodoontheday?A.Toexperiencelivingoncampus.B.Tomakeareservationforacourse.C.Tolearnaboutextracurricularactivities.D.Toappreciateartworksoncampusbyyourself.3.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?AAwebsite.B.Ajournal.C.Aguidebook.D.Anadvertisement.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了華威大學(xué)的開放日的一些活動(dòng)情況?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Learnmoreaboutourcoursesbyattendingdepartmentsessions,andspeakingtoouracademicsandcurrentstudentswhowillcontributetoyourstudentexperienceattheInformationFairfrom9:30a.m.-4:00p.m.(你可以通過參加部門會(huì)議，并與我們的學(xué)者和在讀學(xué)生交談來了解我們的課程，他們將在上午9:30-下午4:00的信息博覽會(huì)上為您的學(xué)生體驗(yàn)做出貢獻(xiàn)。)”可知，你可以從信息交易會(huì)了解華威大學(xué)的課程。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“VisitourSportsandSocietiesFairtochattostudentsfromavarietyofclubsandsocieties,who’lltalktoyouaboutalltheexcitingexperiencesandactivitiesoutsideofstudy,andstartyourthinkingaboutwhatclubsandsocietiesyoumightliketojoinasastudent.(參觀我們的體育和社團(tuán)博覽會(huì)，與來自各種俱樂部和社團(tuán)的學(xué)生聊天，他們會(huì)和你談?wù)搶W(xué)習(xí)之外的所有令人興奮的經(jīng)歷和活動(dòng)，并開始思考你作為學(xué)生可能想加入的俱樂部和社團(tuán)。)”可知，你能在那天了解一些課外活動(dòng)。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“ClickontheboxesbelowtofindoutmoreaboutourOpenDaysandfindtheanswerstosomeofourfrequentlyansweredquestions.(點(diǎn)擊下面的方框，了解更多關(guān)于我們開放日的信息，并找到一些常見問題的答案。)”可推知，文章可能選自網(wǎng)站。故選A。 BInmyearlyteens,Iwasoncegivenafilmcameraasagift.Onreceivingit,Ijumpedonmybike,headedtoWimbledonCommonandtookphotos,justforme:photosoftreesandwildlife.Iwasoutallday.OnmywayhomeIspottedatreelitupbystreetlightingandtriedtocaptureitssplendour.Rushinghome,Ipoppedthespentfilminaspeciallittleenvelopeandsentitofftoaphotographystore,desperatetoseehowitcameout.Itookmanyphotosthenandlovedthefactthatwhenyouprocessedyourfilmyougotbackcolourphotoswhichfrozethepreciousmoments,gentlyencouragingthehobbyandthepaymentsforprocessing.AsIgrewintoadulthood,thatsimple,deephappinessgraduallyfadedaway.OneweekendwhenIwasbusyansweringtheworkcalls,myeyescaughtaboxinthecorneroftheroom.Isuddenlyfeltasenseofsadness.Thestressgrowingovertheseyearshadpushedthecamerafrombesidemypillowtotheboxinthecorner.IthoughtIneededachange.Itookoutthecameraanddusteditdown.Itwasagreatjoythatitstillworked.IboughtnewfilmandtookthecameraeverywhereIwent.Nowitisalwaysonhandtoaccompanymeonjourneys,toallowmetimetomyself.Evenifthedayisfullandbusy,Icanseizesomemomentsformyselftotakephotos,toobservetheworldaroundme.ThewallofmyroomnowholdsallmycameraequipmentalongwithphotosI’vetaken.Tome,theroomrepresentshowI’vefoundhappiness:byreconnectingtotheyoungerpartofmyselfIlaidaside,byallowingroominmylifeforpleasuretoexist,andbycreatinganenvironmentthatallowsopportunitiesfordelight.4.Whatdidtheauthorthinkoftakingphotosasayoungboy?A.Inspiringandpractical.B.Troublesomeyetdelightful.C.Complicatedyetengaging.D.Thrillingandrewarding.5.Whatpreventedtheauthorfromtakingphotosaccordingtoparagraph2?A.Hewasstruckbysuddensorrow.B.Hewasfacedwithincreasingpressure.CHeintendedtofocusonhisworkD.Heattemptedtobehavelikeanadult.6.Whatdidtheauthorgetfrompickinguphishobby?A.Moreenjoymentinthedailyroutine.B.Newjourneysinthewild.C.Betterskillsofobservation.D.Differentstylesofphotography.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.RevisitingLostChildhoodMemories B.AppreciatingBeautyBehindtheLensC.RegainingPleasureThroughPhotographyD.EscapingTeenageSadnesswithCamera【答案】4D5.B6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者小時(shí)候很喜歡拍照，后來作者的壓力越來越大，這使得他放棄了拍照，偶然間作者看到了角落里的照相機(jī)，作者重新開始拍照，在繁忙的日程中獲得了樂趣?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Itookmanyphotosthenandlovedthefactthatwhenyouprocessedyourfilmyougotbackcolourphotoswhichfrozethepreciousmoments,gentlyencouragingthehobbyandthepaymentsforprocessing.(那時(shí)我拍了很多照片，當(dāng)你沖洗你的膠卷時(shí)，你會(huì)得到彩色照片，這一事實(shí)讓我很高興，它凍結(jié)了那些珍貴的時(shí)刻，溫柔地鼓勵(lì)了我的愛好和為沖洗而支付的費(fèi)用。)”可推斷，對于作者小時(shí)候拍照這件事，作者覺得這是令人興奮且值得的。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thestressgrowingovertheseyearshadpushedthecamerafrombesidemypillowtotheboxinthecorner.(這些年來不斷增長的壓力把相機(jī)從我的枕頭旁推到了角落里的盒子里。)”可知，作者面臨的壓力越來越大，這使得作者停止了拍照。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“Evenifthedayisfullandbusy,Icanseizesomemomentsformyselftotakephotos,toobservetheworldaroundme.(即使一天很滿很忙，我也能抓住一些時(shí)間給自己拍照，觀察周圍的世界。)”和第四段中的“Tome,theroomrepresentshowI’vefoundhappiness:byreconnectingtotheyoungerpartofmyselfIlaidaside,byallowingroominmylifeforpleasuretoexist,andbycreatinganenvironmentthatallowsopportunitiesfordelight.(對我來說，這個(gè)房間代表了我是如何找到幸福的：通過重新連接我擱置的年輕的自己，通過在我的生活中為快樂留出空間，通過創(chuàng)造一個(gè)允許快樂機(jī)會(huì)的環(huán)境。)”可知，作者通過重新開始拍照，在繁忙的日程中獲得了樂趣。故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是最后一段中的“Tome,theroomrepresentshowI’vefoundhappiness:byreconnectingtotheyoungerpartofmyselfIlaidaside,byallowingroominmylifeforpleasuretoexist,andbycreatinganenvironmentthatallowsopportunitiesfordelight.(對我來說，這個(gè)房間代表了我是如何找到幸福的：通過重新連接我擱置的年輕的自己，通過在我的生活中為快樂留出空間，通過創(chuàng)造一個(gè)允許快樂機(jī)會(huì)的環(huán)境。)”可 知，文章講述了作者小時(shí)候很喜歡拍照，后來作者的壓力越來越大，這使得他放棄了拍照，偶然間作者看到了角落里的照相機(jī)，作者重新開始拍照，在繁忙的日程中獲得了樂趣。所以C項(xiàng)“RegainingPleasureThroughPhotography(通過攝影重新獲得樂趣)”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選C。CScientistshaveshownhowplantscanprotectthemselvesagainstgenetic(基因的)damagecausedbyenvironmentalstresses.Thegrowingtipsofplantrootsandshootshaveanin-builtmechanism(機(jī)制)thatspellscelldeathifDNAdamageisdetected,avoidingpassingonfaultyDNA.Plantshavesmallpopulationsofstemcells(干細(xì)胞)atthetipsoftheirrootsandshoots,whichenablethemtocontinuouslygrowandproducenewtissuesthroughouttheirlifetime.Thesestemcellsserveasancestorsforplanttissuesandorgans.However,anygeneticfaultspresentinthestemcellswillcontinuetoexistandbepassedonpermanentlythroughouttheplant’slife,whichcouldlastthousandsofyears.Giventhecriticalroleofstemcellsandtheirexposuretopotentiallydangerousenvironmentsatthegrowingtipsofrootsandshoots,safeguardsarenecessarytopreventstemcellfaultsfrombecomingfixed.ResearchersNickFulcherandRobertSablowski,fundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil,aimedtouncovertheseprotectivemechanisms.ThroughexperimentsinvolvingX-raysandchemicals,theydiscoveredthatstemcellsweremoresensitivetoDNAdamagecomparedtoothercells.WhenDNAdamageoccurs,thecellshavethecapacitytodetectitandcauseprogrammedcellstodie,preventingthepropagationofthedamagedgeneticcodetotherestoftheplanttissues.Thisprocesshassimilaritiestothesafeguardmechanismfoundinanimalcells,whichhasbeenbroadlystudiedduetoitsrelevanceinpreventingcancer.Theidentificationofasimilarprotectivesysteminplantsisofgreatinterestinthefieldofplantdevelopment.Italsohelpsscientistsdevelopplantsthatcanbetterhandleenvironmentalstress.Soknowledgeofhowplantsdealwiththesestressesisoffundamentalsignificancetoagriculturalscience’sresponsetoclimatechange.8.Whatisthefunctionofthein-builtmechanisminplants?A.Toproducemorerootsandshoots.B.Toincreasetheoveralllifetimeoftheplant.C.Toenhanceplantgrowthandnutrientintake.D.Tostopgeneticfaultsinstemcellspassingon.9.Whatcanweknowaboutstemcellsinplantsaccordingtothetext?A.Theyarerelativelyabundantinquantity.B.Theyareresistanttoenvironmentalstresses.C.TheymakequickresponsetoDNAdamage.D.TheyhavetheabilitytorepairdamagedDNA.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“propagation”inparagraph4mean?A.Spread.B.Change.C.Existence.D.Self-repair. 11.Whatdoesthelastparagraphfocuson?A.Thewayofdealingwithclimatechangeontheearth.B.Thesignificanceofidentifyingtheprotectivesysteminplants.C.Themethodofensuringplantsurvivalunderenvironmentalstress.D.Theurgencyofdevelopingplantsthatcanhandleenvironmentalstress.【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)展示了植物如何保護(hù)自己免受環(huán)境壓力造成的遺傳損害，即植物擁有內(nèi)建機(jī)制，來阻止干細(xì)胞中的基因缺陷遺傳下去。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thegrowingtipsofplantrootsandshootshaveanin-builtmechanism(機(jī)制)thatspellscelldeathifDNAdamageisdetected,avoidingpassingonfaultyDNA.(植物的根和芽的生長尖端有一個(gè)內(nèi)置的機(jī)制，如果檢測到DNA損傷，就會(huì)導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞死亡，從而避免將有缺陷的DNA傳遞給下一代)”可知，植物內(nèi)建機(jī)制的功能是阻止干細(xì)胞中的基因缺陷遺傳下去。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ThroughexperimentsinvolvingX-raysandchemicals,theydiscoveredthatstemcellsweremoresensitivetoDNAdamagecomparedtoothercells.(通過涉及x射線和化學(xué)物質(zhì)的實(shí)驗(yàn)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)干細(xì)胞比其他細(xì)胞對DNA損傷更敏感)”可知，植物中的干細(xì)胞對DNA損傷做出快速反應(yīng)。故選C?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“WhenDNAdamageoccurs,thecellshavethecapacitytodetectitandcauseprogrammedcellstodie,preventingthe”以及后文“ofthedamagedgeneticcodetotherestoftheplanttissues”可知，當(dāng)DNA受損時(shí)，細(xì)胞有能力檢測到它，并導(dǎo)致程序化細(xì)胞死亡，防止受損的遺傳密碼傳播到植物組織的其他部分。故劃線詞意思是“傳播”。故選A?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theidentificationofasimilarprotectivesysteminplantsisofgreatinterestinthefieldofplantdevelopment.Italsohelpsscientistsdevelopplantsthatcanbetterhandleenvironmentalstress.Soknowledgeofhowplantsdealwiththesestressesisoffundamentalsignificancetoagriculturalscience’sresponsetoclimatechange.(在植物中發(fā)現(xiàn)類似的保護(hù)系統(tǒng)在植物發(fā)育領(lǐng)域具有重要意義。它還幫助科學(xué)家培育出能夠更好地應(yīng)對環(huán)境壓力的植物。因此，了解植物如何應(yīng)對這些壓力對農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)應(yīng)對氣候變化具有重要意義)”可知，最后一段的重點(diǎn)是識別植物保護(hù)系統(tǒng)的意義。故選B。 DAccordingtoanewstudy，teensfocusonrewardsandhaveahardtimelearningtoavoidpunishmentorconsidertheconsequencesofalternativeactions.UniversityCollegeLondonresearcherscomparedhowteensandadultslearntomakechoicesbasedontheavailableinformation.Theytrackedthewayinwhich18volunteersaged12-17and20volunteersaged18-32completedtasksinwhichtheyhadtochoosebetweenabstractsymbols.Eachsymbolwasconsistentlyassociatedwithafixedchanceofareward,punishment,ornooutcome.Asthetrialprogressed，participantslearnedwhichsymbolswerelikelytoleadtoeachoutcomeandadjustedtheirchoicesaccordingly.Teensandadultswereequallygoodatlearningtochoosesymbolsassociatedwithreward，butteenswerelessgoodatavoidingsymbolsassociatedwithpunishment.Adultsalsoperformedsignificantlybetterwhentheyweretoldwhatwouldhavehappenediftheyhadchosentheothersymbolaftereachchoice，whileteensdidnotappeartotakethisinformationintoaccount.“Fromthisexperimentallabstudywecandrawconclusionsaboutlearningduringtheteenyears.Wefindthatteensandadultslearnindifferentways，somethingthatmightberelevanttoeducation,"saidleadauthorDr.StefanoPalminteri."Unlikeadults,teensarenotsogoodatlearningtoadjusttheirchoicestoavoidpunishment.Thissuggeststhatincentivesystemsbasedonrewardratherthanpunishmentmaybemoreeffectiveforthisagegroup.Additionally,wefoundthatteensdidnotlearnfrombeingshownwhatwouldhavehappenediftheymadealternativechoices."Tointerprettheresults,theresearchersdevelopedcomputationalmodelsoflearningandransimulations（模擬）applyingthemtotheresultsofthestudy.Thefirstwasasimplemodel,onethatlearnedfromrewards,andthesecondmodeladdedtothisbyalsolearningfromtheoptionthatwasnotchosen.Thethirdmodelwasthemostcompleteandtookthefullcontextintoaccount,withequalweightgiventopunishmentavoidanceandrewardseeking.Forexample,obtainingnooutcomeratherthanlosingapointisweightedequallytogainingapointratherthanhavingnooutcome.Comparingtheexperimentaldatatothemodels,theteamfoundthatteens"behaviorfollowedthesimplereward-basedmodelwhileadults"behaviormatchedthecomplete,contextualmodel.“Ourstudysuggeststhatteensaremorereceptivetorewardsthantheyaretopunishmentsofequalvalue,”saidseniorauthorDr.Sarah-JayneBlakemore.“Asaresult,itmaybeusefulforparentsandteacherstoframethingsinmorepositiveterms.”12.Itcanbelearnedfromthestudythat.A.adultsmadechoicesfasterthanteensB.adultsunderstoodrewardsbetterthanteens C.teensreactedbettertorewardthanpunishmentD.teenswereawareoftheoutcomeofeachchoice13.Whatdoweknowaboutthethreecomputationalmodels?A.Theyreflectedpeople’sstrongdesireforpunishmentavoidance.B.Theygavecircumstancesdifferentdegreesofconsideration.C.Theypaidequalattentiontorewardandpunishment.D.Theyshapedthebehaviorofpeopleatdifferentages.14.Theunderlinedword“receptive"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans.A.accustomedB.opposedC.sympatheticD.responsive15.Accordingtothewriter,whichofthefollowingstatementsworksbestforteens?A.“Ifyouinsistondoingthingsinthisway，youwilllosetenpoints."B.“Ifwehadtalkedaboutthisearlier，youwouldn’thavemadethemistake."C.“Ifyouhandinyourassignmentaheadoftime，youwillgetanextrabonus."D.“Ifyouwanttoapproachaproblemdifferently，youcantalktoyourparents."【答案】12C13.B14.D15.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。介紹了一項(xiàng)新研究，研究表明青少年們關(guān)注回報(bào)，很難學(xué)會(huì)避免懲罰或者考慮到不同行為的結(jié)果。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ourstudysuggeststhatteensaremorereceptivetorewardsthantheyaretopunishmentsofequalvalue”可知，這個(gè)研究表明青少年們對于同樣意義的回報(bào)和懲罰，更能接受回報(bào)而不是懲罰，意在表明青少年對于回報(bào)的回應(yīng)比懲罰好，C項(xiàng)切題。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Thefirstwasasimplemodel,onethatlearnedfromrewards,andthesecondmodeladdedtothisbyalsolearningfromtheoptionthatwasnotchosen.Thethirdmodelwasthemostcompleteandtookthefullcontextintoaccount,withequalweightgiventopunishmentavoidanceandrewardseeking.”可知第一個(gè)是簡單模型，從回報(bào)中了解到的。第二個(gè)增加了一些從未被選的選擇中了解的部分。第三個(gè)模型是完全考慮到了懲罰避免和追求回報(bào)的等量關(guān)系，這部分語境意在表示研究者給了環(huán)境不同程度的考慮。B項(xiàng)切題。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】 詞義推測題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ourstudysuggeststhatteensaremorereceptivetorewardsthantheyaretopunishmentsofequalvalue”，研究表明青少年們對于同樣意義的回報(bào)和懲罰，更能接受回報(bào)而不是懲罰，意在表明青少年對于回報(bào)的回應(yīng)比懲罰好。A.accustomed習(xí)慣；B.opposed相反；C.sympathetic同情的；D.responsive反應(yīng)積極的。結(jié)合句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和翻譯語境可知，D項(xiàng)切合題意。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。通過閱讀全文可知，本文主旨介紹了一項(xiàng)新研究，研究表明青少年們關(guān)注回報(bào)，很難學(xué)會(huì)避免懲罰或者考慮到不同行為的結(jié)果。C項(xiàng)意為“如果你提前交作業(yè)，你會(huì)得到額外獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)”，符合原文關(guān)于青少年們關(guān)注回報(bào)的表述。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Wehumansarecomparisoncreatures.____16____Thisqualitymayhaveevolvedasameansofhelpingusfitintothesocialhierarchy(等級)oftheculturesweinhabited.Regardlessofthereasons,socialcomparisonplaysasignificantroleinhowweviewandevaluateourselves,andhowweinteractwithourworld.Itusedtobethatourprimaryreferenceofcomparisonwasourlocalcommunities,primarilyneighborsandco-workers.Becausewetendtogatheraroundthosesimilartoourselvesintermsofeducationallevel,workincome,andsharedinterests,therangeofdifferenceswhenwecomparedourselvestootherswasfairlysmall.Unfortunately,withtheemergenceoftheInternet,wecannowcompareourselvestoliterallyanyoneintheworld.____17____Whathadinpreviousgenerationsbeenasmallgapinourcomparisonshasnowbecomesolargeandunattainable.____18____WhensomanypeoplethatareeasilydiscoverableontheInternetseemtobesosuccessful.famous,influentialandbeautiful,givenourpreferencetocompare,itisdifficultnottohaveitinfluencehowweviewourselves.Sadly,thesecomparisonsusuallyresultinourfeelinginadequateand“l(fā)essthan”.Theseharmfulcomparisonsalsodamageouremotionallives.Whenwefeellacking,weexperienceavarietyofunpleasantandunhealthyemotions.Wefeeljealousyandenvyforwhatothershaveandwhatwelack.____19____It’sonethingtorealizethatyoucompareyourselftoothers.It’sanotherthingtorecognizethatsocialcomparisonisoftencorrosive(逐步侵蝕的)toyouinsomanywayspsychologicallyandemotionally.It’sanentirelyotherthingtostopyourselffromcomparingyourselftoothers.____20____A.Weareconstantlymeasuringourselvesagainstotherpeople.B.Yetitispossible,anditisworththeeffortforyourmentalhealth. C.Thus,wearenowexposedtogroupsthatarequitedifferentfromus.D.Webelievethatthereissomethingwrongwithuscomparedtoothers.E.Wecanevenfeelbitternessandangeratothersfortheunfairnessofitall.F.Comparingourselvestoothershasthepotentialtoincreaseourlifeexperience.G.Thisnewlevelofcomparisonhashugeimplicationsforourpsychologicallives.【答案】16.A17.C18.G19.E20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了人類生來喜愛比較，但互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓人們比較的范圍變得更大，對人們的生活也產(chǎn)生了一定影響。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Wehumansarecomparisoncreatures.(我們?nèi)祟愂潜容^動(dòng)物)”以及后文“Thisqualitymayhaveevolvedasameansofhelpingusfitintothesocialhierarchy(等級)oftheculturesweinhabited.(這種品質(zhì)可能是作為一種幫助我們?nèi)谌胛覀兯幼〉奈幕纳鐣?huì)等級制度的手段而進(jìn)化的)”可知，上文提到了人類是比較動(dòng)物，且后文提到比較這種品質(zhì)，可知本句主要對比較動(dòng)物進(jìn)行展開說明，說明人類愛和別人比較。故A選項(xiàng)“我們總是拿自己和別人比較”符合語境，故選A?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Unfortunately,withtheemergenceoftheInternet,wecannowcompareourselvestoliterallyanyoneintheworld.(不幸的是，隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn)，我們現(xiàn)在可以將自己與世界上的任何人進(jìn)行比較)”以及后文“Whathadinpreviousgenerationsbeenasmallgapinourcomparisonshasnowbecomesolargeandunattainable.(在我們的比較中，前幾代人的小差距現(xiàn)在變得如此之大，難以企及)”可知，上文提到了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓我們可以和世界上的任何人進(jìn)行比較，且后文提到了前幾代人的小差距現(xiàn)在變得如此之大，說明互聯(lián)網(wǎng)導(dǎo)致比較的群體發(fā)生了變化，C選項(xiàng)“因此，我們現(xiàn)在接觸到的群體與我們完全不同”符合語境，故選C?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文內(nèi)容“WhensomanypeoplethatareeasilydiscoverableontheInternetseemtobesosuccessful.famous,influentialandbeautiful,givenourpreferencetocompare,itisdifficultnottohaveitinfluencehowweviewourselves.Sadly,thesecomparisonsusuallyresultinourfeelinginadequateand“l(fā)essthan”.(當(dāng)這么多在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上很容易被發(fā)現(xiàn)的人看起來很成功的時(shí)候。名氣、影響力和美貌，考慮到我們喜歡攀比，很難不影響我們對自己的看法?？杀氖?，這些比較通常會(huì)導(dǎo)致我們感覺不足和“不如”)”可知，后文提到了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的比較影響了我們對自己的看法，導(dǎo)致我們感覺不足和“不如”，說明這種比較對我們的心理產(chǎn)生了影響。故G選項(xiàng)“這種新的比較水平對我們的心理生活有著巨大的影響”符合語境，故選G。 【19題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Theseharmfulcomparisonsalsodamageouremotionallives.Whenwefeellacking,weexperienceavarietyofunpleasantandunhealthyemotions.Wefeeljealousyandenvyforwhatothershaveandwhatwelack.(這些有害的比較也會(huì)損害我們的情感生活。當(dāng)我們感到匱乏時(shí)，我們會(huì)經(jīng)歷各種不愉快和不健康的情緒。我們對別人所擁有的和我們所缺乏的感到嫉妒和羨慕)”可知，本段的主旨是有害的比較會(huì)損害情感生活，本句為本段最后一句，故承接上文，主要說明對別人的比較產(chǎn)生的一些負(fù)面情緒。故E選項(xiàng)“我們甚至?xí)e人的不公平感到痛苦和憤怒”符合語境，故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“It’sonethingtorealizethatyoucompareyourselftoothers.It’sanotherthingtorecognizethatsocialcomparisonisoftencorrosive(逐步侵蝕的)toyouinsomanywayspsychologicallyandemotionally.It’sanentirelyotherthingtostopyourselffromcomparingyourselftoothers.(意識到你和別人比較是一回事。認(rèn)識到社會(huì)比較通常在心理和情感上對你有多方面的腐蝕性是另一回事。阻止自己和別人比較完全是另一回事)”可知，上文提到了阻止自己和別人進(jìn)行比較是另一回事，本句為本段最后一句，故說明阻止自己和別人比較所帶來的影響，故B選項(xiàng)“但這是可能的，而且為了你的心理健康，這是值得的”符合語境，故選B。第三部分英語知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。SammieVance,14,knowsthere’snothingworsethanfeelingleftout.Foryears,she’sbeenhelpingthosekidsmakefriends.Whatshehasbeendoingis____21____theBuddyBenchprogram.Originally,theideawasthatanyoneatschoolwhowasfeeling____22____couldsitonthe“buddybench”.Thatletotherkidsknowsomeoneneededafriend.Theideaquickly____23____.Sammiegottheideaforthe____24____atsummercampin2017.Shethoughtitwouldbe____25____tohaveabuddybenchinherschool,sowhenshegotback,she____26____theideatoherheadmaster,teachersandherparents.Getting____27____fortheprojectwasjustthefirststep.“Therehavebeenalotofsmall____28____likemoney,”Sammiesays.Toreducecostsandbe____29____,Sammiedecidedtomakethebenchoutofrecycledmaterial.Sosherallied(號召)her_____30_____togatherbottlecaps.Wordoftheprojectgotout,andsoonSammiewasgetting_____31_____frompeopleinbroaderregions—all50states,andintheendshe_____32_____morethan1,200pounds.AcompanycalledGreenTreePlasticswas ableto_____33_____theseintothreebenches._____34_____Sammiehelpedotherschoolsacquirebenches.Shehashelped_____35_____morethan20benchestoschoolsandparksbynow.Her_____36_____ofkindnesscontinuestospreadfarandwide._____37_____allthekidsherprojecthashelped,Sammiebenefitsfromit,feelinggratefulforhowitgaveher_____38_____insomanydifferentaspectsoflife.“_____39_____assomeactsofkindnesscanbe,theycanmakeasignificantdifferenceandleadtoachainreaction,”shesays.“Younever_____40_____.Justbekind,ingeneral.”21.A.planningB.fundingC.advocatingD.running22.A.depressedB.lonelyC.sorrowfulD.uncomfortable23.A.caughtonB.cameoverC.setoffD.gotthrough24.A.ambitionB.programC.taskD.instructor25.A.impracticalB.uncommonC.popularD.cool26.A.presentedB.giftedC.tookD.reflected27.A.approvalB.promiseC.adviceD.hope28.A.achievementsB.stepsC.challengesD.matters29.A.eye-catchingB.light-weightedC.good-lookingD.eco-friendly30.A.relativesB.friendsC.communityD.government31.A.moneyB.capsC.benchesD.praise32.A.madeB.raisedC.collectedD.saved33.A.investB.divideC.breakD.make34.A.BeforelongB.BelieveitornotC.BycontrastD.Bytheway35.A.boughtB.borrowedC.donatedD.delivered36.A.courageB.gestureC.faithD.love37.A.DespiteB.UnlikeC.AmongD.Besides38.A.honorsB.lessonsC.attentionD.purpose39.A.TiringB.SmallC.RegularD.Dull40.A.knowB.withdrawC.stopD.recall【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.B25.D26.A27.A28.C29.D30.C31.B32.C33.D34.A35.C36.B37.D38.D39.B40.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了SammieVance創(chuàng)立BuddyBench 項(xiàng)目幫助學(xué)校孤獨(dú)的孩子找朋友，號召社會(huì)團(tuán)體收集瓶蓋做了長椅，安排在學(xué)校和公園等地，她的善舉產(chǎn)生重大影響的故事?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她一直在做的是經(jīng)管BuddyBench項(xiàng)目。A.planning計(jì)劃；B.funding資助；C.advocating提倡；D.running經(jīng)營，管理。根據(jù)前文“she’sbeenhelpingthosekidsmakefriends”和后文“theBuddyBenchprogram”可知，SammieVance經(jīng)管這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：最初的想法是，任何在學(xué)校感到孤獨(dú)的人都可以坐在“伙伴板凳”上。A.depressed沮喪的；B.lonely孤獨(dú)的；C.sorrowful悲傷的；D.uncomfortable不舒服的。根據(jù)后文“Thatletotherkidsknowsomeoneneededafriend.”可知，她在幫助那些感到孤獨(dú)的人交朋友。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)想法很快就流行起來了。A.caughton流行；B.cameover發(fā)生，順便來訪；C.setoff出發(fā)；D.gotthrough通過，熬過。根據(jù)后文“Her____16____ofkindnesscontinuestospreadfarandwide.”可知，她這個(gè)想法很快就流行起來。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Sammie在2017年的夏令營中有了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的想法。A.ambition雄心；B.program程序；C.task任務(wù)；D.instructor講師。根據(jù)前文“Whatshehasbeendoingis____1____theBuddyBenchprogram.”可知，可知，她在夏令營中有了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的想法。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她認(rèn)為在她的學(xué)校里有一個(gè)朋友長凳會(huì)很酷，所以當(dāng)她回來的時(shí)候，她向校長、老師和她的父母提出了這個(gè)想法。A.impractical不實(shí)際的；B.uncommon不常有的；C.popular流行的；D.cool妙極的，酷的。根據(jù)后文“sowhenshegotback,she____6____theideatoherheadmaster,teachersandherparents”可知，她認(rèn)為學(xué)校里有個(gè)供大家談心交友的長凳會(huì)很好（酷），所以向校長等人提出這個(gè)想法。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.presented提出；B.gifted白給；C.took拿走；D.reflected反映。根據(jù)前文“theideatoherheadmaster,teachersandherparents”可知，她向校長等人提出這個(gè)想法。故選A項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：獲得項(xiàng)目批準(zhǔn)只是第一步。A.approval批準(zhǔn)；B.promise承諾；C.advice建議；D.hope希望。根據(jù)語境和后文“justthefirststep”可知，獲得項(xiàng)目批準(zhǔn)只是第一步。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我們遇到了很多小挑戰(zhàn)，比如錢，”Sammie說。A.achievements成就；B.steps 步驟；C.challenges挑戰(zhàn)；D.matters事情。根據(jù)語境和后文“l(fā)ikemoney”可知，他們?nèi)卞X，遇到困難。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：為了降低成本和環(huán)保，Sammie決定用回收材料制作長凳。A.eye-catching引人注目的；B.light-weighted輕量級的；C.good-looking好看的；D.eco-friendly環(huán)保的。根據(jù)后文“Sammiedecidedtomakethebenchoutofrecycledmaterial.”可知，她回收再利用，有利于環(huán)保。故選D項(xiàng)。【30題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所以她召集社會(huì)團(tuán)體收集瓶蓋。A.relatives親戚；B.friends朋友；C.community社區(qū)，社會(huì)團(tuán)體；D.government政府。根據(jù)后文“Sammiewasgetting____11____frompeopleinbroaderregions—all50states”可知，她召集社會(huì)團(tuán)體收集瓶蓋。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的消息傳開了，很快Sammie就從更廣泛的地區(qū)——所有50個(gè)州——那里得到了瓶蓋，最后她收集了1200多磅。A.money錢；B.caps帽子，瓶蓋子；C.benches長凳；D.praise贊揚(yáng)。根據(jù)前文“Sosherallied(號召)her____10____togatherbottlecaps.”可知，她號召人們收集瓶蓋，所以得到了許多瓶蓋。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.made制造；B.raised提高，籌集；C.collected收集；D.saved節(jié)省，儲蓄。根據(jù)語境和后文“morethan1,200pounds”可知，她收集了1200多磅的瓶蓋。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一家名為GreenTreePlastics的公司能夠?qū)⑦@些塑料制成三張長椅。A.invest投資；B.divide分開；C.break打破；D.make制造。根據(jù)前文“theseintothreebenches”可知，那家公司將這些塑料制成三張長椅。makesthintosth“把某物做成某物”是固定搭配，故選D項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】考查固定短語詞義辨析。句意：不久，Sammie幫助其他學(xué)校購置了長椅。A.Beforelong不久；B.Believeitornot信不信由你；C.Bycontrast相比之下；D.Bytheway順便說一下。根據(jù)語境和后文“Sammiehelpedotherschoolsacquirebenches”可知，不久，她又幫助其他學(xué)校購置了長椅。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：到目前為止，她已經(jīng)為學(xué)校和公園捐贈(zèng)了20多個(gè)長椅。A.bought買；B.borrowed借用；C.donated捐贈(zèng)；D.delivered交付。根據(jù)前文“Whatshehasbeendoingis____1____theBuddyBenchprogram.”和后文“Her____16____ofkindnesscontinuestospreadfarandwide.”可知，她為學(xué)校和公園捐贈(zèng)的長椅。故選C項(xiàng)。 【36題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她的善舉繼續(xù)廣為流傳。A.courage勇氣；B.gesture姿勢，（表明感情或意圖的）姿態(tài)；C.faith信念；D.love愛。根據(jù)語境和后文“kindnesscontinuestospreadfarandwide”可知，這是Sammie為了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目所做的善意的事情和表達(dá)出的善良的姿態(tài)。故選B項(xiàng)。【37題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：除了她的項(xiàng)目幫助了所有的孩子之外，Sammie也從中受益，她感激它在生活的許多不同方面給了她目標(biāo)。A.Despite盡管；B.Unlike不像；C.Among在……中間；D.Besides除……之外（還）。根據(jù)后文“allthekidsherprojecthashelped,Sammiebenefitsfromit”可知，除了她的項(xiàng)目幫助了所有的孩子之外，Sammie自己也從中受益。故選D項(xiàng)。38題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.honors榮耀；B.lessons功課，教訓(xùn)；C.attention注意；D.purpose目的。根據(jù)語境和后文“____19____assomeactsofkindnesscanbe,theycanmakeasignificantdifferenceandleadtoachainreaction”可知，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目在生活的許多方面給了她目標(biāo)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她說：“盡管一些善意的舉動(dòng)可能很小，但它們可以產(chǎn)生重大影響，并引發(fā)連鎖反應(yīng)?！盇.Tiring累人的；B.Small小的；C.Regular定期的；D.Dull遲鈍的。根據(jù)后文“theycanmakeasignificantdifferenceandleadtoachainreaction”和轉(zhuǎn)折的語義可知，盡管是小小的善舉，但是意義重大。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：你永遠(yuǎn)不知道。A.know知道，懂得；B.withdraw撤回；C.stop停止；D.recall回憶起。根據(jù)前文“theycanmakeasignificantdifferenceandleadtoachainreaction”和后文“Justbekind,ingeneral.”可知，Sammie認(rèn)為她做的只是小小的善舉，并不知道會(huì)產(chǎn)生如此重大的影響。故選A項(xiàng)。第Ⅱ卷第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Ramie(苧麻),themainclothingmaterialforChinesepeoplesinceancienttimes,isalsoknownas“Chinesegrass”intheworld.TheramieoutputinChinaaccountsformorethan90%____41____oftheworld.Thelinen(亞麻布)wovenwithramieis____42____(consequence)called“GrassCloth(夏布)”.Sinceramierawmaterialhasathickgumandisirregularintexture,eachstepofprocedureis____43____(pure)manual.Inthatcase,theweaversshouldcompletemorethanadozenstepsbeforetheyfinishmakingtheclothes.Rongchang,locatedinChongqing.China,isconsideredas“HometownofGrassCloth”.Rightnow,inthe spaciousexhibitionhall____44____(place)ancientpurewoodenlooms(織布機(jī)),alongwithmanygrassclothproducts,alllookingsodazzling____45____theeyes.Inoldtimes,onafarmhouse____46____(engage)intheproductionofgrasscloth,youcouldalwaysseeabusyscene____47____workersrinsed(清洗)thethinfibersbetweentheramieskinandthestraw,andgottheramiesilkastherawmaterialofgrasscloth.Today,onlysomefarmersinRongchangaremakinggrasscloth,mostofthem____48____(work)infamily-runworkshops.HuangXiuying,theonlyseventh-generation____49____(inherit)ofthefamilybusiness,hascarriedoutboldinnovation,integratingtheaestheticsofthetimes,andusingpopularartdesignandculturalpackaging____50____(give)grassclothmoresenseofthetimes.【答案】41.that42.consequently43.purely44.areplaced45.to46.engaged47.where48.working49.inheritor50.togive【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了用苧麻生產(chǎn)夏布這種傳統(tǒng)的紡織技術(shù)?！?1題詳解】考查代詞。句意：中國苧麻產(chǎn)量占世界總產(chǎn)量的90%以上?？仗幹复叭澜缙r麻的產(chǎn)量”，結(jié)合上文“TheramieoutputinChina”可知，空處為同類異物特指，且output不可數(shù)，應(yīng)用that，相當(dāng)于theoutput(oftheworld)。故填that?！?2題詳解】考查副詞。句意：用苧麻織成的亞麻因此被稱為“夏布”。修飾動(dòng)詞called應(yīng)用所給詞的副詞形式。故填consequently?！?3題詳解】考查副詞。句意：由于苧麻原料膠厚，質(zhì)地不規(guī)則，所以每一步都是純手工制作的。結(jié)合空后形容詞“manual”可知，空處應(yīng)用副詞，修飾形容詞。故填purely。【44題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：現(xiàn)在，在寬敞的展廳里擺放著古老的純木制織機(jī)，以及許多草布產(chǎn)品，看起來都很耀眼。分析可知，本句使用地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首的完全倒裝，句子主語為“ancientpurewoodenlooms (織布機(jī)),alongwithmanygrassclothproducts”，空處為句子謂語動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語rightnow可知句子應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；該句主語和“place”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，且主語是復(fù)數(shù)，故填areplaced?！?5題詳解】考查介詞。句意：現(xiàn)在，在寬敞的展廳里擺放著古老的純木制織機(jī)，以及許多草布產(chǎn)品，看起來都很耀眼。(be)dazzlingtotheeyes“耀眼”是固定搭配。故填to?！?6題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：古時(shí)候，在生產(chǎn)夏布的農(nóng)家總能看到一個(gè)忙碌的景象，工人們把麻皮和桿之間的細(xì)纖維洗凈，得到作為夏布原料的麻絲。分析句子，“(engage)intheproductionofgrasscloth”為后置定語，修飾名詞“farmhouse”，短語：beengagedin“從事，參與”，所以此處名詞“farmhouse”與動(dòng)詞“engage”為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以空處用過去分詞engaged，故填engaged。【47題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：古時(shí)候，在生產(chǎn)夏布的農(nóng)家總能看到一個(gè)忙碌的景象，工人們把麻皮和桿之間的細(xì)纖維洗凈，得到作為夏布原料的麻絲。空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，代替先行詞“scene”在從句中作抽象的地點(diǎn)狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞“where”引導(dǎo)從句。故填where。【48題詳解】考查獨(dú)立主格。句意：如今，榮昌只有一些農(nóng)民在生產(chǎn)夏布，他們大多在家庭作坊里工作。句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞“aremaking”且無連詞，由此可知，逗號后部分為獨(dú)立主格作狀語；“work”和邏輯主語“mostofthem”（大多數(shù)農(nóng)民）之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填working?！?9題詳解】考查名詞。句意：作為家族企業(yè)唯一的第七代傳承人，HuangXiuying進(jìn)行了大膽的創(chuàng)新，融合了時(shí)代美學(xué)，用流行的藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)和文化包裝賦予夏布更多的時(shí)代感。根據(jù)句中“HuangXiuying,theonlyseventh-generation”及“(inherit)ofthefamilybusiness”，可知，此處指“HuangXiuying是唯一的第七代傳承人”，所以空處用名詞，指人。inheritor“繼承人，后繼者”，故填inheritor?！?0題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：作為家族企業(yè)唯一的第七代傳承人，HuangXiuying進(jìn)行了大膽的創(chuàng)新，融合了時(shí)代美學(xué)，用流行的藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)和文化包裝賦予夏布更多的時(shí)代感。句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞“hascarriedout”且無連詞，故空處填非謂語動(dòng)詞；結(jié)合句意可知，融合了時(shí)代美學(xué)，用流行的藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)和文化包裝的目的是給夏布更多的時(shí)代感，因此空處填不定式作目的狀語。故填togive。第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分35分)第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)(共10小題;每小題1分，滿分10分) 51.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。YesterdayIsteppedintoarestaurantforlunch.AsIwaswaitingmyordertocome,Inoticedtheoldmaninawheelchairrollhimselfovertoatable.Nooneandmeseemedtonoticehim.IgotupandgoovertohistableandaskedifthatIcouldgethimsomethingtodrink.Hesmiledandsaid,“Thankyou.Youaregenerously.I’dlikeanyorangejuice,please.”WhenIwasgettingreadytoleave,Iwalkedbytheoldman’stabletosayinggoodbye.HethankedmeagainandtoldmeIhadmadehisdays,comingoverandhelpinghimout.Igavehimahugandtoldhimhehadmademyday,either.【答案】1.waiting后面加for2.the→an3.besides→except/but4.go→went5.去掉if后面的that6.generously→generous7.any→some8.saying→say9.days→day10.either→too【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。昨天作者走進(jìn)一家餐館吃午飯。他幫助了一位坐輪椅的老人，作者的幫忙不僅讓老人很開心，也讓自己很開心?！驹斀狻?.考查動(dòng)詞短語。固定用法waitforsb./sth.“等待某人或某事”。故waiting后面加for。2.考查冠詞。此處第一次出現(xiàn)，表示泛指，old是以元音音素開頭的詞，應(yīng)使用不定冠詞an。故the→an。3.考查介詞。句意：除了我似乎沒有人注意到他。besides“除了”，包括賓語在內(nèi)，根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)使用except或but。故besides改為except/but。 4.考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。此處與gotup是并列謂語，應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)。故go改為went。5.考查賓語從句。此處詢問“是否我可以給他弄些飲料”，if引導(dǎo)賓語從句，that明顯多余。故去掉if后面的that。6.考查形容詞。句意：他笑著說，“謝謝，你很慷慨。請給我一些橙汁把。”此處是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)使用形容詞作表語。故generously改為generous。7.考查不定代詞。句意：他笑著說，“謝謝，你很慷慨。請給我一些橙汁吧?！痹诳隙ň渲衧ome表示一些；否定句中，用any。故any改為some。8.考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：當(dāng)我準(zhǔn)備離開時(shí)，我走到老人的桌前和他告別。此處用不定式表目的。故saying改為say。9.考查固定短語。固定短語：makeone’sday“讓某人高興”。故days改為day。10.考查副詞。either用于否定句表示“也”，too用于肯定句。故either改為too。第二節(jié)書面表達(dá)(滿分25分)52.假定你是李華，你正在做一個(gè)問卷調(diào)查，以了解中英高中生在未來大學(xué)專業(yè)選擇上的差異。請你用英文給英國好友Eric寫封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.活動(dòng)目的;2.問卷內(nèi)容;3.請求答卷并轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)。注意：1.詞數(shù)為100左右;2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】DearEric,I’mcurrentlyresearchingthedifferencesinuniversitymajorpreferencesbetweenBritishandChinesestudents.Couldyoupleasetakeamomenttofilloutmyquestionnaire?WiththeaimtoidentifythemostpopularmajorsbothinChinaandtheUK,explorethedecision-makingfactorsandguidancesourcesforstudents,thequestionnaireincludesthefollowingthreequestions—Whatare yourtopthreefavoritemajors?Fromwhichaspectofthemajorwouldyouconsider?Whowouldyouturntowhenchoosingamajor?It’dbehighlyappreciatedifyoucouldforwardthesurveytoyourfriendsandfellowstudents.Thankyouforconsideringmyrequestandattachedisthequestionnaire.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,LiHua【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文。要求考生給英國好友Eric寫封郵件，“以了解中英高中生在未來大學(xué)專業(yè)選擇上的差異”為主題做一個(gè)問卷調(diào)查?！驹斀狻?.詞匯積累差異：difference→diversity目的：aim→goal因素：factor→element選擇：choose→gofor2.句式拓展簡單句變復(fù)合句原句：Couldyoupleasetakeamomenttofilloutmyquestionnaire?拓展句：Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldpleasetakeamomenttofilloutmyquestionnaire.【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】Whowouldyouturntowhenchoosingamajor?(運(yùn)用了狀語從句的省略)