四川省成都市第七中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期入學(xué)考試英語試卷 Word版含解析.docx

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成都七中高2024屆高三(下)入學(xué)考試試卷英語試卷第Ⅰ卷注意事項(xiàng)：1.答第Ⅰ卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上所對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號框涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號框。不能答在本試卷上，否則無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwouldthewomanliketodo?A.Helpsomeonetypepapers.B.Havethepaperschecked.C.Gooverthepapersherself.2.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Aposition.B.Aweekendplan.C.Theman’scompany.3.Wherewillthewomangothisafternoon?A.Anofficeparty.B.Anoperahouse.C.Ashoppingmall.4.Whatdoesthewomanprefertodo?A.Workoutalone.B.Exercisewithsomeone.C.Eatbreakfastatthecafe.5.Whatdoesthewomanlikemostaboutthecity?A.Theparks.B.Theoldbuildings.C.TheFrenchrestaurant.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Howdoesthemanfeelabouthismajor?A.Uninterested.B.Inspired.C.Confused. 7.Whatdoesthemanwanttodoaftergraduation?A.Becomealawyer.B.StudyfurtherinMexico.C.Starthisownbusiness.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Wherecanthewomanvisitsomerelatives?A.InCalifornia.B.InPuertoRico.C.InSanFrancisco.9.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson.B.Husbandandwife.C.Brotherandsister.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whydoesthewomanexpressthankstotheman?A.He’lldriveherhome.B.He’llshopwithher.C.He’llentertainherfriends.11.What’stheadvantageofaconveniencestorefortheman?A.Longerbusinesshours.B.Thelowerprice.C.Muchmoreselection.12.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Eathamburgers.B.Stayatthecashcounter.C.Comparedifferentbrands.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whathappenedtothewomanatthebeginning?A.Shelostherphone.B.Shecouldn’tfindtheway.C.Shewastrappedinheavysnow.14.Whydidthewomanturnofftheengine?A.Thecarwasrunningoutofgas.B.Shestoppedtoansweracall.C.Theenginecouldn’tworkproperly.15.Howdidthewomankeepwarm?A.Bydrinkinghottea.B.Byusingthecarheater.C.Byhavingmoreclotheson.16.Whatdidtheemergencyservicesdo?A.Theycalledanambulance.B.Theyledthewomantoherhome.C.Theyhelpedthewomangotothemainroad.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhenisSweetestDay?A.ThesecondSaturdayinOctober.B.ThethirdSundayinOctober. C.ThethirdSaturdayinOctober.18.WhatisthepurposeofSweetestDay?A.Tomakefriends.B.Tomakesomeonehappy.C.Tomakecitiesmorebeautiful.19.WhodidtheClevelandmanhelp?A.Hisfriendsandrelatives.B.Theagedandhisneighbors.C.Thecity’sorphansandpatients.20.HowdidtheClevelandmanstartSweetestDay?A.Byofferinghugs.B.Bygivingawaysmallgifts.C.Bydistributingsomecash.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AOpenDaysattheUniversityofWarwickWe’dlovetomeetyou.FindoutwhatWarwick’sallabout.Wewillhaveahugerangeofactivitiestochoosefrom,togiveyouadeeperinsightintostudentlifehere.AccommodationGetasenseofwhatitwillbeliketoliveonourfabulouscampus.Ouraccommodationtrailswillguideyoutoresidenceswhichwillbeopenforyoutolookaroundfrom10:00a.m.-4:00p.m.Manyofourcurrentstudentswillalsobeopeningtheirroomsforviewingandhappytosharetheirexperiencesoflivingoncampus.AcademicTalksLearnmoreaboutourcoursesbyattendingdepartmentsessions,andspeakingtoouracademicsandcurrentstudentswhowillcontributetoyourstudentexperienceattheInformationFairfrom9:30a.m.-4:00p.m.We’dparticularlyrecommendbookingontoour“WhyWarwick?“session.Itispopularsomakesureyoureserveyourplace.SportsandSocietiesVisitourSportsandSocietiesFairtochattostudentsfromavarietyofclubsandsocieties,who’lltalktoyouaboutalltheexcitingexperiencesandactivitiesoutsideofstudy,andstartyourthinkingaboutwhatclubsandsocietiesyoumightliketojoinasastudent.CampusToursHeadovertoourcampustourtents,whereourfriendlystudentambassadorswillbereadytotakeyouonaguidedtourfrom9:15a.m.-4:00p.m.Visitourcentralcampussites,includingtheWarwickArtsCentretoseewhatyoucouldgetinvolvedin. ClickontheboxesbelowtofindoutmoreaboutourOpenDaysandfindtheanswerstosomeofourfrequentlyansweredquestions.Onceyouhavebooked,wewillsendyoumoredetailedinformation,tohelpyoupreparefortheday.1.WherecanyougettoknowaboutthecoursesatWarwick?A.AccommodationTrails.B.TheInformationFair.C.TheSportsandSocietiesFair.D.CampusTours.2.Whatcanyouexpecttodoontheday?A.Toexperiencelivingoncampus.B.Tomakeareservationforacourse.C.Tolearnaboutextracurricularactivities.D.Toappreciateartworksoncampusbyyourself.3.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?AAwebsite.B.Ajournal.C.Aguidebook.D.Anadvertisement.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了華威大學(xué)的開放日的一些活動情況?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Learnmoreaboutourcoursesbyattendingdepartmentsessions,andspeakingtoouracademicsandcurrentstudentswhowillcontributetoyourstudentexperienceattheInformationFairfrom9:30a.m.-4:00p.m.(你可以通過參加部門會議，并與我們的學(xué)者和在讀學(xué)生交談來了解我們的課程，他們將在上午9:30-下午4:00的信息博覽會上為您的學(xué)生體驗(yàn)做出貢獻(xiàn)。)”可知，你可以從信息交易會了解華威大學(xué)的課程。故選B。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“VisitourSportsandSocietiesFairtochattostudentsfromavarietyofclubsandsocieties,who’lltalktoyouaboutalltheexcitingexperiencesandactivitiesoutsideofstudy,andstartyourthinkingaboutwhatclubsandsocietiesyoumightliketojoinasastudent.(參觀我們的體育和社團(tuán)博覽會，與來自各種俱樂部和社團(tuán)的學(xué)生聊天，他們會和你談?wù)搶W(xué)習(xí)之外的所有令人興奮的經(jīng)歷和活動，并開始思考你作為學(xué)生可能想加入的俱樂部和社團(tuán)。)”可知，你能在那天了解一些課外活動。故選C。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“ClickontheboxesbelowtofindoutmoreaboutourOpenDaysandfindtheanswerstosomeofourfrequentlyansweredquestions.(點(diǎn)擊下面的方框，了解更多關(guān)于我們開放日的信息，并找到一些常見問題的答案。)”可推知，文章可能選自網(wǎng)站。故選A。 BInmyearlyteens,Iwasoncegivenafilmcameraasagift.Onreceivingit,Ijumpedonmybike,headedtoWimbledonCommonandtookphotos,justforme:photosoftreesandwildlife.Iwasoutallday.OnmywayhomeIspottedatreelitupbystreetlightingandtriedtocaptureitssplendour.Rushinghome,Ipoppedthespentfilminaspeciallittleenvelopeandsentitofftoaphotographystore,desperatetoseehowitcameout.Itookmanyphotosthenandlovedthefactthatwhenyouprocessedyourfilmyougotbackcolourphotoswhichfrozethepreciousmoments,gentlyencouragingthehobbyandthepaymentsforprocessing.AsIgrewintoadulthood,thatsimple,deephappinessgraduallyfadedaway.OneweekendwhenIwasbusyansweringtheworkcalls,myeyescaughtaboxinthecorneroftheroom.Isuddenlyfeltasenseofsadness.Thestressgrowingovertheseyearshadpushedthecamerafrombesidemypillowtotheboxinthecorner.IthoughtIneededachange.Itookoutthecameraanddusteditdown.Itwasagreatjoythatitstillworked.IboughtnewfilmandtookthecameraeverywhereIwent.Nowitisalwaysonhandtoaccompanymeonjourneys,toallowmetimetomyself.Evenifthedayisfullandbusy,Icanseizesomemomentsformyselftotakephotos,toobservetheworldaroundme.ThewallofmyroomnowholdsallmycameraequipmentalongwithphotosI’vetaken.Tome,theroomrepresentshowI’vefoundhappiness:byreconnectingtotheyoungerpartofmyselfIlaidaside,byallowingroominmylifeforpleasuretoexist,andbycreatinganenvironmentthatallowsopportunitiesfordelight.4.Whatdidtheauthorthinkoftakingphotosasayoungboy?A.Inspiringandpractical.B.Troublesomeyetdelightful.C.Complicatedyetengaging.D.Thrillingandrewarding.5.Whatpreventedtheauthorfromtakingphotosaccordingtoparagraph2?A.Hewasstruckbysuddensorrow.B.Hewasfacedwithincreasingpressure.CHeintendedtofocusonhisworkD.Heattemptedtobehavelikeanadult.6.Whatdidtheauthorgetfrompickinguphishobby?A.Moreenjoymentinthedailyroutine.B.Newjourneysinthewild.C.Betterskillsofobservation.D.Differentstylesofphotography.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.RevisitingLostChildhoodMemories B.AppreciatingBeautyBehindtheLensC.RegainingPleasureThroughPhotographyD.EscapingTeenageSadnesswithCamera【答案】4D5.B6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者小時候很喜歡拍照，后來作者的壓力越來越大，這使得他放棄了拍照，偶然間作者看到了角落里的照相機(jī)，作者重新開始拍照，在繁忙的日程中獲得了樂趣。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Itookmanyphotosthenandlovedthefactthatwhenyouprocessedyourfilmyougotbackcolourphotoswhichfrozethepreciousmoments,gentlyencouragingthehobbyandthepaymentsforprocessing.(那時我拍了很多照片，當(dāng)你沖洗你的膠卷時，你會得到彩色照片，這一事實(shí)讓我很高興，它凍結(jié)了那些珍貴的時刻，溫柔地鼓勵了我的愛好和為沖洗而支付的費(fèi)用。)”可推斷，對于作者小時候拍照這件事，作者覺得這是令人興奮且值得的。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thestressgrowingovertheseyearshadpushedthecamerafrombesidemypillowtotheboxinthecorner.(這些年來不斷增長的壓力把相機(jī)從我的枕頭旁推到了角落里的盒子里。)”可知，作者面臨的壓力越來越大，這使得作者停止了拍照。故選B。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“Evenifthedayisfullandbusy,Icanseizesomemomentsformyselftotakephotos,toobservetheworldaroundme.(即使一天很滿很忙，我也能抓住一些時間給自己拍照，觀察周圍的世界。)”和第四段中的“Tome,theroomrepresentshowI’vefoundhappiness:byreconnectingtotheyoungerpartofmyselfIlaidaside,byallowingroominmylifeforpleasuretoexist,andbycreatinganenvironmentthatallowsopportunitiesfordelight.(對我來說，這個房間代表了我是如何找到幸福的：通過重新連接我擱置的年輕的自己，通過在我的生活中為快樂留出空間，通過創(chuàng)造一個允許快樂機(jī)會的環(huán)境。)”可知，作者通過重新開始拍照，在繁忙的日程中獲得了樂趣。故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是最后一段中的“Tome,theroomrepresentshowI’vefoundhappiness:byreconnectingtotheyoungerpartofmyselfIlaidaside,byallowingroominmylifeforpleasuretoexist,andbycreatinganenvironmentthatallowsopportunitiesfordelight.(對我來說，這個房間代表了我是如何找到幸福的：通過重新連接我擱置的年輕的自己，通過在我的生活中為快樂留出空間，通過創(chuàng)造一個允許快樂機(jī)會的環(huán)境。)”可 知，文章講述了作者小時候很喜歡拍照，后來作者的壓力越來越大，這使得他放棄了拍照，偶然間作者看到了角落里的照相機(jī)，作者重新開始拍照，在繁忙的日程中獲得了樂趣。所以C項(xiàng)“RegainingPleasureThroughPhotography(通過攝影重新獲得樂趣)”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選C。CScientistshaveshownhowplantscanprotectthemselvesagainstgenetic(基因的)damagecausedbyenvironmentalstresses.Thegrowingtipsofplantrootsandshootshaveanin-builtmechanism(機(jī)制)thatspellscelldeathifDNAdamageisdetected,avoidingpassingonfaultyDNA.Plantshavesmallpopulationsofstemcells(干細(xì)胞)atthetipsoftheirrootsandshoots,whichenablethemtocontinuouslygrowandproducenewtissuesthroughouttheirlifetime.Thesestemcellsserveasancestorsforplanttissuesandorgans.However,anygeneticfaultspresentinthestemcellswillcontinuetoexistandbepassedonpermanentlythroughouttheplant’slife,whichcouldlastthousandsofyears.Giventhecriticalroleofstemcellsandtheirexposuretopotentiallydangerousenvironmentsatthegrowingtipsofrootsandshoots,safeguardsarenecessarytopreventstemcellfaultsfrombecomingfixed.ResearchersNickFulcherandRobertSablowski,fundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil,aimedtouncovertheseprotectivemechanisms.ThroughexperimentsinvolvingX-raysandchemicals,theydiscoveredthatstemcellsweremoresensitivetoDNAdamagecomparedtoothercells.WhenDNAdamageoccurs,thecellshavethecapacitytodetectitandcauseprogrammedcellstodie,preventingthepropagationofthedamagedgeneticcodetotherestoftheplanttissues.Thisprocesshassimilaritiestothesafeguardmechanismfoundinanimalcells,whichhasbeenbroadlystudiedduetoitsrelevanceinpreventingcancer.Theidentificationofasimilarprotectivesysteminplantsisofgreatinterestinthefieldofplantdevelopment.Italsohelpsscientistsdevelopplantsthatcanbetterhandleenvironmentalstress.Soknowledgeofhowplantsdealwiththesestressesisoffundamentalsignificancetoagriculturalscience’sresponsetoclimatechange.8.Whatisthefunctionofthein-builtmechanisminplants?A.Toproducemorerootsandshoots.B.Toincreasetheoveralllifetimeoftheplant.C.Toenhanceplantgrowthandnutrientintake.D.Tostopgeneticfaultsinstemcellspassingon.9.Whatcanweknowaboutstemcellsinplantsaccordingtothetext?A.Theyarerelativelyabundantinquantity.B.Theyareresistanttoenvironmentalstresses.C.TheymakequickresponsetoDNAdamage.D.TheyhavetheabilitytorepairdamagedDNA.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“propagation”inparagraph4mean?A.Spread.B.Change.C.Existence.D.Self-repair. 11.Whatdoesthelastparagraphfocuson?A.Thewayofdealingwithclimatechangeontheearth.B.Thesignificanceofidentifyingtheprotectivesysteminplants.C.Themethodofensuringplantsurvivalunderenvironmentalstress.D.Theurgencyofdevelopingplantsthatcanhandleenvironmentalstress.【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)展示了植物如何保護(hù)自己免受環(huán)境壓力造成的遺傳損害，即植物擁有內(nèi)建機(jī)制，來阻止干細(xì)胞中的基因缺陷遺傳下去?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thegrowingtipsofplantrootsandshootshaveanin-builtmechanism(機(jī)制)thatspellscelldeathifDNAdamageisdetected,avoidingpassingonfaultyDNA.(植物的根和芽的生長尖端有一個內(nèi)置的機(jī)制，如果檢測到DNA損傷，就會導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞死亡，從而避免將有缺陷的DNA傳遞給下一代)”可知，植物內(nèi)建機(jī)制的功能是阻止干細(xì)胞中的基因缺陷遺傳下去。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ThroughexperimentsinvolvingX-raysandchemicals,theydiscoveredthatstemcellsweremoresensitivetoDNAdamagecomparedtoothercells.(通過涉及x射線和化學(xué)物質(zhì)的實(shí)驗(yàn)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)干細(xì)胞比其他細(xì)胞對DNA損傷更敏感)”可知，植物中的干細(xì)胞對DNA損傷做出快速反應(yīng)。故選C?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“WhenDNAdamageoccurs,thecellshavethecapacitytodetectitandcauseprogrammedcellstodie,preventingthe”以及后文“ofthedamagedgeneticcodetotherestoftheplanttissues”可知，當(dāng)DNA受損時，細(xì)胞有能力檢測到它，并導(dǎo)致程序化細(xì)胞死亡，防止受損的遺傳密碼傳播到植物組織的其他部分。故劃線詞意思是“傳播”。故選A。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theidentificationofasimilarprotectivesysteminplantsisofgreatinterestinthefieldofplantdevelopment.Italsohelpsscientistsdevelopplantsthatcanbetterhandleenvironmentalstress.Soknowledgeofhowplantsdealwiththesestressesisoffundamentalsignificancetoagriculturalscience’sresponsetoclimatechange.(在植物中發(fā)現(xiàn)類似的保護(hù)系統(tǒng)在植物發(fā)育領(lǐng)域具有重要意義。它還幫助科學(xué)家培育出能夠更好地應(yīng)對環(huán)境壓力的植物。因此，了解植物如何應(yīng)對這些壓力對農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)應(yīng)對氣候變化具有重要意義)”可知，最后一段的重點(diǎn)是識別植物保護(hù)系統(tǒng)的意義。故選B。 DAccordingtoanewstudy，teensfocusonrewardsandhaveahardtimelearningtoavoidpunishmentorconsidertheconsequencesofalternativeactions.UniversityCollegeLondonresearcherscomparedhowteensandadultslearntomakechoicesbasedontheavailableinformation.Theytrackedthewayinwhich18volunteersaged12-17and20volunteersaged18-32completedtasksinwhichtheyhadtochoosebetweenabstractsymbols.Eachsymbolwasconsistentlyassociatedwithafixedchanceofareward,punishment,ornooutcome.Asthetrialprogressed，participantslearnedwhichsymbolswerelikelytoleadtoeachoutcomeandadjustedtheirchoicesaccordingly.Teensandadultswereequallygoodatlearningtochoosesymbolsassociatedwithreward，butteenswerelessgoodatavoidingsymbolsassociatedwithpunishment.Adultsalsoperformedsignificantlybetterwhentheyweretoldwhatwouldhavehappenediftheyhadchosentheothersymbolaftereachchoice，whileteensdidnotappeartotakethisinformationintoaccount.“Fromthisexperimentallabstudywecandrawconclusionsaboutlearningduringtheteenyears.Wefindthatteensandadultslearnindifferentways，somethingthatmightberelevanttoeducation,"saidleadauthorDr.StefanoPalminteri."Unlikeadults,teensarenotsogoodatlearningtoadjusttheirchoicestoavoidpunishment.Thissuggeststhatincentivesystemsbasedonrewardratherthanpunishmentmaybemoreeffectiveforthisagegroup.Additionally,wefoundthatteensdidnotlearnfrombeingshownwhatwouldhavehappenediftheymadealternativechoices."Tointerprettheresults,theresearchersdevelopedcomputationalmodelsoflearningandransimulations（模擬）applyingthemtotheresultsofthestudy.Thefirstwasasimplemodel,onethatlearnedfromrewards,andthesecondmodeladdedtothisbyalsolearningfromtheoptionthatwasnotchosen.Thethirdmodelwasthemostcompleteandtookthefullcontextintoaccount,withequalweightgiventopunishmentavoidanceandrewardseeking.Forexample,obtainingnooutcomeratherthanlosingapointisweightedequallytogainingapointratherthanhavingnooutcome.Comparingtheexperimentaldatatothemodels,theteamfoundthatteens"behaviorfollowedthesimplereward-basedmodelwhileadults"behaviormatchedthecomplete,contextualmodel.“Ourstudysuggeststhatteensaremorereceptivetorewardsthantheyaretopunishmentsofequalvalue,”saidseniorauthorDr.Sarah-JayneBlakemore.“Asaresult,itmaybeusefulforparentsandteacherstoframethingsinmorepositiveterms.”12.Itcanbelearnedfromthestudythat.A.adultsmadechoicesfasterthanteensB.adultsunderstoodrewardsbetterthanteens C.teensreactedbettertorewardthanpunishmentD.teenswereawareoftheoutcomeofeachchoice13.Whatdoweknowaboutthethreecomputationalmodels?A.Theyreflectedpeople’sstrongdesireforpunishmentavoidance.B.Theygavecircumstancesdifferentdegreesofconsideration.C.Theypaidequalattentiontorewardandpunishment.D.Theyshapedthebehaviorofpeopleatdifferentages.14.Theunderlinedword“receptive"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans.A.accustomedB.opposedC.sympatheticD.responsive15.Accordingtothewriter,whichofthefollowingstatementsworksbestforteens?A.“Ifyouinsistondoingthingsinthisway，youwilllosetenpoints."B.“Ifwehadtalkedaboutthisearlier，youwouldn’thavemadethemistake."C.“Ifyouhandinyourassignmentaheadoftime，youwillgetanextrabonus."D.“Ifyouwanttoapproachaproblemdifferently，youcantalktoyourparents."【答案】12C13.B14.D15.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。介紹了一項(xiàng)新研究，研究表明青少年們關(guān)注回報，很難學(xué)會避免懲罰或者考慮到不同行為的結(jié)果。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ourstudysuggeststhatteensaremorereceptivetorewardsthantheyaretopunishmentsofequalvalue”可知，這個研究表明青少年們對于同樣意義的回報和懲罰，更能接受回報而不是懲罰，意在表明青少年對于回報的回應(yīng)比懲罰好，C項(xiàng)切題。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Thefirstwasasimplemodel,onethatlearnedfromrewards,andthesecondmodeladdedtothisbyalsolearningfromtheoptionthatwasnotchosen.Thethirdmodelwasthemostcompleteandtookthefullcontextintoaccount,withequalweightgiventopunishmentavoidanceandrewardseeking.”可知第一個是簡單模型，從回報中了解到的。第二個增加了一些從未被選的選擇中了解的部分。第三個模型是完全考慮到了懲罰避免和追求回報的等量關(guān)系，這部分語境意在表示研究者給了環(huán)境不同程度的考慮。B項(xiàng)切題。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】 詞義推測題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ourstudysuggeststhatteensaremorereceptivetorewardsthantheyaretopunishmentsofequalvalue”，研究表明青少年們對于同樣意義的回報和懲罰，更能接受回報而不是懲罰，意在表明青少年對于回報的回應(yīng)比懲罰好。A.accustomed習(xí)慣；B.opposed相反；C.sympathetic同情的；D.responsive反應(yīng)積極的。結(jié)合句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和翻譯語境可知，D項(xiàng)切合題意。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。通過閱讀全文可知，本文主旨介紹了一項(xiàng)新研究，研究表明青少年們關(guān)注回報，很難學(xué)會避免懲罰或者考慮到不同行為的結(jié)果。C項(xiàng)意為“如果你提前交作業(yè)，你會得到額外獎勵”，符合原文關(guān)于青少年們關(guān)注回報的表述。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Wehumansarecomparisoncreatures.____16____Thisqualitymayhaveevolvedasameansofhelpingusfitintothesocialhierarchy(等級)oftheculturesweinhabited.Regardlessofthereasons,socialcomparisonplaysasignificantroleinhowweviewandevaluateourselves,andhowweinteractwithourworld.Itusedtobethatourprimaryreferenceofcomparisonwasourlocalcommunities,primarilyneighborsandco-workers.Becausewetendtogatheraroundthosesimilartoourselvesintermsofeducationallevel,workincome,andsharedinterests,therangeofdifferenceswhenwecomparedourselvestootherswasfairlysmall.Unfortunately,withtheemergenceoftheInternet,wecannowcompareourselvestoliterallyanyoneintheworld.____17____Whathadinpreviousgenerationsbeenasmallgapinourcomparisonshasnowbecomesolargeandunattainable.____18____WhensomanypeoplethatareeasilydiscoverableontheInternetseemtobesosuccessful.famous,influentialandbeautiful,givenourpreferencetocompare,itisdifficultnottohaveitinfluencehowweviewourselves.Sadly,thesecomparisonsusuallyresultinourfeelinginadequateand“l(fā)essthan”.Theseharmfulcomparisonsalsodamageouremotionallives.Whenwefeellacking,weexperienceavarietyofunpleasantandunhealthyemotions.Wefeeljealousyandenvyforwhatothershaveandwhatwelack.____19____It’sonethingtorealizethatyoucompareyourselftoothers.It’sanotherthingtorecognizethatsocialcomparisonisoftencorrosive(逐步侵蝕的)toyouinsomanywayspsychologicallyandemotionally.It’sanentirelyotherthingtostopyourselffromcomparingyourselftoothers.____20____A.Weareconstantlymeasuringourselvesagainstotherpeople.B.Yetitispossible,anditisworththeeffortforyourmentalhealth. C.Thus,wearenowexposedtogroupsthatarequitedifferentfromus.D.Webelievethatthereissomethingwrongwithuscomparedtoothers.E.Wecanevenfeelbitternessandangeratothersfortheunfairnessofitall.F.Comparingourselvestoothershasthepotentialtoincreaseourlifeexperience.G.Thisnewlevelofcomparisonhashugeimplicationsforourpsychologicallives.【答案】16.A17.C18.G19.E20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了人類生來喜愛比較，但互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓人們比較的范圍變得更大，對人們的生活也產(chǎn)生了一定影響?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Wehumansarecomparisoncreatures.(我們?nèi)祟愂潜容^動物)”以及后文“Thisqualitymayhaveevolvedasameansofhelpingusfitintothesocialhierarchy(等級)oftheculturesweinhabited.(這種品質(zhì)可能是作為一種幫助我們?nèi)谌胛覀兯幼〉奈幕纳鐣燃壷贫鹊氖侄味M(jìn)化的)”可知，上文提到了人類是比較動物，且后文提到比較這種品質(zhì)，可知本句主要對比較動物進(jìn)行展開說明，說明人類愛和別人比較。故A選項(xiàng)“我們總是拿自己和別人比較”符合語境，故選A?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Unfortunately,withtheemergenceoftheInternet,wecannowcompareourselvestoliterallyanyoneintheworld.(不幸的是，隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn)，我們現(xiàn)在可以將自己與世界上的任何人進(jìn)行比較)”以及后文“Whathadinpreviousgenerationsbeenasmallgapinourcomparisonshasnowbecomesolargeandunattainable.(在我們的比較中，前幾代人的小差距現(xiàn)在變得如此之大，難以企及)”可知，上文提到了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓我們可以和世界上的任何人進(jìn)行比較，且后文提到了前幾代人的小差距現(xiàn)在變得如此之大，說明互聯(lián)網(wǎng)導(dǎo)致比較的群體發(fā)生了變化，C選項(xiàng)“因此，我們現(xiàn)在接觸到的群體與我們完全不同”符合語境，故選C。【18題詳解】根據(jù)后文內(nèi)容“WhensomanypeoplethatareeasilydiscoverableontheInternetseemtobesosuccessful.famous,influentialandbeautiful,givenourpreferencetocompare,itisdifficultnottohaveitinfluencehowweviewourselves.Sadly,thesecomparisonsusuallyresultinourfeelinginadequateand“l(fā)essthan”.(當(dāng)這么多在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上很容易被發(fā)現(xiàn)的人看起來很成功的時候。名氣、影響力和美貌，考慮到我們喜歡攀比，很難不影響我們對自己的看法?？杀氖?，這些比較通常會導(dǎo)致我們感覺不足和“不如”)”可知，后文提到了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的比較影響了我們對自己的看法，導(dǎo)致我們感覺不足和“不如”，說明這種比較對我們的心理產(chǎn)生了影響。故G選項(xiàng)“這種新的比較水平對我們的心理生活有著巨大的影響”符合語境，故選G。 【19題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Theseharmfulcomparisonsalsodamageouremotionallives.Whenwefeellacking,weexperienceavarietyofunpleasantandunhealthyemotions.Wefeeljealousyandenvyforwhatothershaveandwhatwelack.(這些有害的比較也會損害我們的情感生活。當(dāng)我們感到匱乏時，我們會經(jīng)歷各種不愉快和不健康的情緒。我們對別人所擁有的和我們所缺乏的感到嫉妒和羨慕)”可知，本段的主旨是有害的比較會損害情感生活，本句為本段最后一句，故承接上文，主要說明對別人的比較產(chǎn)生的一些負(fù)面情緒。故E選項(xiàng)“我們甚至?xí)e人的不公平感到痛苦和憤怒”符合語境，故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“It’sonethingtorealizethatyoucompareyourselftoothers.It’sanotherthingtorecognizethatsocialcomparisonisoftencorrosive(逐步侵蝕的)toyouinsomanywayspsychologicallyandemotionally.It’sanentirelyotherthingtostopyourselffromcomparingyourselftoothers.(意識到你和別人比較是一回事。認(rèn)識到社會比較通常在心理和情感上對你有多方面的腐蝕性是另一回事。阻止自己和別人比較完全是另一回事)”可知，上文提到了阻止自己和別人進(jìn)行比較是另一回事，本句為本段最后一句，故說明阻止自己和別人比較所帶來的影響，故B選項(xiàng)“但這是可能的，而且為了你的心理健康，這是值得的”符合語境，故選B。第三部分英語知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。SammieVance,14,knowsthere’snothingworsethanfeelingleftout.Foryears,she’sbeenhelpingthosekidsmakefriends.Whatshehasbeendoingis____21____theBuddyBenchprogram.Originally,theideawasthatanyoneatschoolwhowasfeeling____22____couldsitonthe“buddybench”.Thatletotherkidsknowsomeoneneededafriend.Theideaquickly____23____.Sammiegottheideaforthe____24____atsummercampin2017.Shethoughtitwouldbe____25____tohaveabuddybenchinherschool,sowhenshegotback,she____26____theideatoherheadmaster,teachersandherparents.Getting____27____fortheprojectwasjustthefirststep.“Therehavebeenalotofsmall____28____likemoney,”Sammiesays.Toreducecostsandbe____29____,Sammiedecidedtomakethebenchoutofrecycledmaterial.Sosherallied(號召)her_____30_____togatherbottlecaps.Wordoftheprojectgotout,andsoonSammiewasgetting_____31_____frompeopleinbroaderregions—all50states,andintheendshe_____32_____morethan1,200pounds.AcompanycalledGreenTreePlasticswas ableto_____33_____theseintothreebenches._____34_____Sammiehelpedotherschoolsacquirebenches.Shehashelped_____35_____morethan20benchestoschoolsandparksbynow.Her_____36_____ofkindnesscontinuestospreadfarandwide._____37_____allthekidsherprojecthashelped,Sammiebenefitsfromit,feelinggratefulforhowitgaveher_____38_____insomanydifferentaspectsoflife.“_____39_____assomeactsofkindnesscanbe,theycanmakeasignificantdifferenceandleadtoachainreaction,”shesays.“Younever_____40_____.Justbekind,ingeneral.”21.A.planningB.fundingC.advocatingD.running22.A.depressedB.lonelyC.sorrowfulD.uncomfortable23.A.caughtonB.cameoverC.setoffD.gotthrough24.A.ambitionB.programC.taskD.instructor25.A.impracticalB.uncommonC.popularD.cool26.A.presentedB.giftedC.tookD.reflected27.A.approvalB.promiseC.adviceD.hope28.A.achievementsB.stepsC.challengesD.matters29.A.eye-catchingB.light-weightedC.good-lookingD.eco-friendly30.A.relativesB.friendsC.communityD.government31.A.moneyB.capsC.benchesD.praise32.A.madeB.raisedC.collectedD.saved33.A.investB.divideC.breakD.make34.A.BeforelongB.BelieveitornotC.BycontrastD.Bytheway35.A.boughtB.borrowedC.donatedD.delivered36.A.courageB.gestureC.faithD.love37.A.DespiteB.UnlikeC.AmongD.Besides38.A.honorsB.lessonsC.attentionD.purpose39.A.TiringB.SmallC.RegularD.Dull40.A.knowB.withdrawC.stopD.recall【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.B25.D26.A27.A28.C29.D30.C31.B32.C33.D34.A35.C36.B37.D38.D39.B40.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了SammieVance創(chuàng)立BuddyBench 項(xiàng)目幫助學(xué)校孤獨(dú)的孩子找朋友，號召社會團(tuán)體收集瓶蓋做了長椅，安排在學(xué)校和公園等地，她的善舉產(chǎn)生重大影響的故事?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她一直在做的是經(jīng)管BuddyBench項(xiàng)目。A.planning計劃；B.funding資助；C.advocating提倡；D.running經(jīng)營，管理。根據(jù)前文“she’sbeenhelpingthosekidsmakefriends”和后文“theBuddyBenchprogram”可知，SammieVance經(jīng)管這個項(xiàng)目。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：最初的想法是，任何在學(xué)校感到孤獨(dú)的人都可以坐在“伙伴板凳”上。A.depressed沮喪的；B.lonely孤獨(dú)的；C.sorrowful悲傷的；D.uncomfortable不舒服的。根據(jù)后文“Thatletotherkidsknowsomeoneneededafriend.”可知，她在幫助那些感到孤獨(dú)的人交朋友。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：這個想法很快就流行起來了。A.caughton流行；B.cameover發(fā)生，順便來訪；C.setoff出發(fā)；D.gotthrough通過，熬過。根據(jù)后文“Her____16____ofkindnesscontinuestospreadfarandwide.”可知，她這個想法很快就流行起來。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Sammie在2017年的夏令營中有了這個項(xiàng)目的想法。A.ambition雄心；B.program程序；C.task任務(wù)；D.instructor講師。根據(jù)前文“Whatshehasbeendoingis____1____theBuddyBenchprogram.”可知，可知，她在夏令營中有了這個項(xiàng)目的想法。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她認(rèn)為在她的學(xué)校里有一個朋友長凳會很酷，所以當(dāng)她回來的時候，她向校長、老師和她的父母提出了這個想法。A.impractical不實(shí)際的；B.uncommon不常有的；C.popular流行的；D.cool妙極的，酷的。根據(jù)后文“sowhenshegotback,she____6____theideatoherheadmaster,teachersandherparents”可知，她認(rèn)為學(xué)校里有個供大家談心交友的長凳會很好（酷），所以向校長等人提出這個想法。故選D項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.presented提出；B.gifted白給；C.took拿走；D.reflected反映。根據(jù)前文“theideatoherheadmaster,teachersandherparents”可知，她向校長等人提出這個想法。故選A項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：獲得項(xiàng)目批準(zhǔn)只是第一步。A.approval批準(zhǔn)；B.promise承諾；C.advice建議；D.hope希望。根據(jù)語境和后文“justthefirststep”可知，獲得項(xiàng)目批準(zhǔn)只是第一步。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我們遇到了很多小挑戰(zhàn)，比如錢，”Sammie說。A.achievements成就；B.steps 步驟；C.challenges挑戰(zhàn)；D.matters事情。根據(jù)語境和后文“l(fā)ikemoney”可知，他們?nèi)卞X，遇到困難。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：為了降低成本和環(huán)保，Sammie決定用回收材料制作長凳。A.eye-catching引人注目的；B.light-weighted輕量級的；C.good-looking好看的；D.eco-friendly環(huán)保的。根據(jù)后文“Sammiedecidedtomakethebenchoutofrecycledmaterial.”可知，她回收再利用，有利于環(huán)保。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所以她召集社會團(tuán)體收集瓶蓋。A.relatives親戚；B.friends朋友；C.community社區(qū)，社會團(tuán)體；D.government政府。根據(jù)后文“Sammiewasgetting____11____frompeopleinbroaderregions—all50states”可知，她召集社會團(tuán)體收集瓶蓋。故選C項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這個項(xiàng)目的消息傳開了，很快Sammie就從更廣泛的地區(qū)——所有50個州——那里得到了瓶蓋，最后她收集了1200多磅。A.money錢；B.caps帽子，瓶蓋子；C.benches長凳；D.praise贊揚(yáng)。根據(jù)前文“Sosherallied(號召)her____10____togatherbottlecaps.”可知，她號召人們收集瓶蓋，所以得到了許多瓶蓋。故選B項(xiàng)。【32題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.made制造；B.raised提高，籌集；C.collected收集；D.saved節(jié)省，儲蓄。根據(jù)語境和后文“morethan1,200pounds”可知，她收集了1200多磅的瓶蓋。故選C項(xiàng)。【33題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一家名為GreenTreePlastics的公司能夠?qū)⑦@些塑料制成三張長椅。A.invest投資；B.divide分開；C.break打破；D.make制造。根據(jù)前文“theseintothreebenches”可知，那家公司將這些塑料制成三張長椅。makesthintosth“把某物做成某物”是固定搭配，故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查固定短語詞義辨析。句意：不久，Sammie幫助其他學(xué)校購置了長椅。A.Beforelong不久；B.Believeitornot信不信由你；C.Bycontrast相比之下；D.Bytheway順便說一下。根據(jù)語境和后文“Sammiehelpedotherschoolsacquirebenches”可知，不久，她又幫助其他學(xué)校購置了長椅。故選A項(xiàng)。【35題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：到目前為止，她已經(jīng)為學(xué)校和公園捐贈了20多個長椅。A.bought買；B.borrowed借用；C.donated捐贈；D.delivered交付。根據(jù)前文“Whatshehasbeendoingis____1____theBuddyBenchprogram.”和后文“Her____16____ofkindnesscontinuestospreadfarandwide.”可知，她為學(xué)校和公園捐贈的長椅。故選C項(xiàng)。 【36題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她的善舉繼續(xù)廣為流傳。A.courage勇氣；B.gesture姿勢，（表明感情或意圖的）姿態(tài)；C.faith信念；D.love愛。根據(jù)語境和后文“kindnesscontinuestospreadfarandwide”可知，這是Sammie為了這個項(xiàng)目所做的善意的事情和表達(dá)出的善良的姿態(tài)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：除了她的項(xiàng)目幫助了所有的孩子之外，Sammie也從中受益，她感激它在生活的許多不同方面給了她目標(biāo)。A.Despite盡管；B.Unlike不像；C.Among在……中間；D.Besides除……之外（還）。根據(jù)后文“allthekidsherprojecthashelped,Sammiebenefitsfromit”可知，除了她的項(xiàng)目幫助了所有的孩子之外，Sammie自己也從中受益。故選D項(xiàng)。38題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.honors榮耀；B.lessons功課，教訓(xùn)；C.attention注意；D.purpose目的。根據(jù)語境和后文“____19____assomeactsofkindnesscanbe,theycanmakeasignificantdifferenceandleadtoachainreaction”可知，這個項(xiàng)目在生活的許多方面給了她目標(biāo)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她說：“盡管一些善意的舉動可能很小，但它們可以產(chǎn)生重大影響，并引發(fā)連鎖反應(yīng)?！盇.Tiring累人的；B.Small小的；C.Regular定期的；D.Dull遲鈍的。根據(jù)后文“theycanmakeasignificantdifferenceandleadtoachainreaction”和轉(zhuǎn)折的語義可知，盡管是小小的善舉，但是意義重大。故選B項(xiàng)。【40題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：你永遠(yuǎn)不知道。A.know知道，懂得；B.withdraw撤回；C.stop停止；D.recall回憶起。根據(jù)前文“theycanmakeasignificantdifferenceandleadtoachainreaction”和后文“Justbekind,ingeneral.”可知，Sammie認(rèn)為她做的只是小小的善舉，并不知道會產(chǎn)生如此重大的影響。故選A項(xiàng)。第Ⅱ卷第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Ramie(苧麻),themainclothingmaterialforChinesepeoplesinceancienttimes,isalsoknownas“Chinesegrass”intheworld.TheramieoutputinChinaaccountsformorethan90%____41____oftheworld.Thelinen(亞麻布)wovenwithramieis____42____(consequence)called“GrassCloth(夏布)”.Sinceramierawmaterialhasathickgumandisirregularintexture,eachstepofprocedureis____43____(pure)manual.Inthatcase,theweaversshouldcompletemorethanadozenstepsbeforetheyfinishmakingtheclothes.Rongchang,locatedinChongqing.China,isconsideredas“HometownofGrassCloth”.Rightnow,inthe spaciousexhibitionhall____44____(place)ancientpurewoodenlooms(織布機(jī)),alongwithmanygrassclothproducts,alllookingsodazzling____45____theeyes.Inoldtimes,onafarmhouse____46____(engage)intheproductionofgrasscloth,youcouldalwaysseeabusyscene____47____workersrinsed(清洗)thethinfibersbetweentheramieskinandthestraw,andgottheramiesilkastherawmaterialofgrasscloth.Today,onlysomefarmersinRongchangaremakinggrasscloth,mostofthem____48____(work)infamily-runworkshops.HuangXiuying,theonlyseventh-generation____49____(inherit)ofthefamilybusiness,hascarriedoutboldinnovation,integratingtheaestheticsofthetimes,andusingpopularartdesignandculturalpackaging____50____(give)grassclothmoresenseofthetimes.【答案】41.that42.consequently43.purely44.areplaced45.to46.engaged47.where48.working49.inheritor50.togive【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了用苧麻生產(chǎn)夏布這種傳統(tǒng)的紡織技術(shù)。【41題詳解】考查代詞。句意：中國苧麻產(chǎn)量占世界總產(chǎn)量的90%以上?？仗幹复叭澜缙r麻的產(chǎn)量”，結(jié)合上文“TheramieoutputinChina”可知，空處為同類異物特指，且output不可數(shù)，應(yīng)用that，相當(dāng)于theoutput(oftheworld)。故填that?！?2題詳解】考查副詞。句意：用苧麻織成的亞麻因此被稱為“夏布”。修飾動詞called應(yīng)用所給詞的副詞形式。故填consequently。【43題詳解】考查副詞。句意：由于苧麻原料膠厚，質(zhì)地不規(guī)則，所以每一步都是純手工制作的。結(jié)合空后形容詞“manual”可知，空處應(yīng)用副詞，修飾形容詞。故填purely?！?4題詳解】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：現(xiàn)在，在寬敞的展廳里擺放著古老的純木制織機(jī)，以及許多草布產(chǎn)品，看起來都很耀眼。分析可知，本句使用地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首的完全倒裝，句子主語為“ancientpurewoodenlooms (織布機(jī)),alongwithmanygrassclothproducts”，空處為句子謂語動詞，結(jié)合時間狀語rightnow可知句子應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時；該句主語和“place”之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，且主語是復(fù)數(shù)，故填areplaced?！?5題詳解】考查介詞。句意：現(xiàn)在，在寬敞的展廳里擺放著古老的純木制織機(jī)，以及許多草布產(chǎn)品，看起來都很耀眼。(be)dazzlingtotheeyes“耀眼”是固定搭配。故填to。【46題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：古時候，在生產(chǎn)夏布的農(nóng)家總能看到一個忙碌的景象，工人們把麻皮和桿之間的細(xì)纖維洗凈，得到作為夏布原料的麻絲。分析句子，“(engage)intheproductionofgrasscloth”為后置定語，修飾名詞“farmhouse”，短語：beengagedin“從事，參與”，所以此處名詞“farmhouse”與動詞“engage”為被動關(guān)系，所以空處用過去分詞engaged，故填engaged?！?7題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：古時候，在生產(chǎn)夏布的農(nóng)家總能看到一個忙碌的景象，工人們把麻皮和桿之間的細(xì)纖維洗凈，得到作為夏布原料的麻絲?？仗幰龑?dǎo)定語從句，代替先行詞“scene”在從句中作抽象的地點(diǎn)狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞“where”引導(dǎo)從句。故填where?！?8題詳解】考查獨(dú)立主格。句意：如今，榮昌只有一些農(nóng)民在生產(chǎn)夏布，他們大多在家庭作坊里工作。句中已有謂語動詞“aremaking”且無連詞，由此可知，逗號后部分為獨(dú)立主格作狀語；“work”和邏輯主語“mostofthem”（大多數(shù)農(nóng)民）之間為主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填working。【49題詳解】考查名詞。句意：作為家族企業(yè)唯一的第七代傳承人，HuangXiuying進(jìn)行了大膽的創(chuàng)新，融合了時代美學(xué)，用流行的藝術(shù)設(shè)計和文化包裝賦予夏布更多的時代感。根據(jù)句中“HuangXiuying,theonlyseventh-generation”及“(inherit)ofthefamilybusiness”，可知，此處指“HuangXiuying是唯一的第七代傳承人”，所以空處用名詞，指人。inheritor“繼承人，后繼者”，故填inheritor。【50題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：作為家族企業(yè)唯一的第七代傳承人，HuangXiuying進(jìn)行了大膽的創(chuàng)新，融合了時代美學(xué)，用流行的藝術(shù)設(shè)計和文化包裝賦予夏布更多的時代感。句中已有謂語動詞“hascarriedout”且無連詞，故空處填非謂語動詞；結(jié)合句意可知，融合了時代美學(xué)，用流行的藝術(shù)設(shè)計和文化包裝的目的是給夏布更多的時代感，因此空處填不定式作目的狀語。故填togive。第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分35分)第一節(jié)短文改錯(共10小題;每小題1分，滿分10分) 51.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。YesterdayIsteppedintoarestaurantforlunch.AsIwaswaitingmyordertocome,Inoticedtheoldmaninawheelchairrollhimselfovertoatable.Nooneandmeseemedtonoticehim.IgotupandgoovertohistableandaskedifthatIcouldgethimsomethingtodrink.Hesmiledandsaid,“Thankyou.Youaregenerously.I’dlikeanyorangejuice,please.”WhenIwasgettingreadytoleave,Iwalkedbytheoldman’stabletosayinggoodbye.HethankedmeagainandtoldmeIhadmadehisdays,comingoverandhelpinghimout.Igavehimahugandtoldhimhehadmademyday,either.【答案】1.waiting后面加for2.the→an3.besides→except/but4.go→went5.去掉if后面的that6.generously→generous7.any→some8.saying→say9.days→day10.either→too【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。昨天作者走進(jìn)一家餐館吃午飯。他幫助了一位坐輪椅的老人，作者的幫忙不僅讓老人很開心，也讓自己很開心?！驹斀狻?.考查動詞短語。固定用法waitforsb./sth.“等待某人或某事”。故waiting后面加for。2.考查冠詞。此處第一次出現(xiàn)，表示泛指，old是以元音音素開頭的詞，應(yīng)使用不定冠詞an。故the→an。3.考查介詞。句意：除了我似乎沒有人注意到他。besides“除了”，包括賓語在內(nèi)，根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)使用except或but。故besides改為except/but。 4.考查動詞時態(tài)。此處與gotup是并列謂語，應(yīng)使用一般過去時。故go改為went。5.考查賓語從句。此處詢問“是否我可以給他弄些飲料”，if引導(dǎo)賓語從句，that明顯多余。故去掉if后面的that。6.考查形容詞。句意：他笑著說，“謝謝，你很慷慨。請給我一些橙汁把?！贝颂幨侵飨当斫Y(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)使用形容詞作表語。故generously改為generous。7.考查不定代詞。句意：他笑著說，“謝謝，你很慷慨。請給我一些橙汁吧?！痹诳隙ň渲衧ome表示一些；否定句中，用any。故any改為some。8.考查動詞不定式。句意：當(dāng)我準(zhǔn)備離開時，我走到老人的桌前和他告別。此處用不定式表目的。故saying改為say。9.考查固定短語。固定短語：makeone’sday“讓某人高興”。故days改為day。10.考查副詞。either用于否定句表示“也”，too用于肯定句。故either改為too。第二節(jié)書面表達(dá)(滿分25分)52.假定你是李華，你正在做一個問卷調(diào)查，以了解中英高中生在未來大學(xué)專業(yè)選擇上的差異。請你用英文給英國好友Eric寫封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.活動目的;2.問卷內(nèi)容;3.請求答卷并轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)。注意：1.詞數(shù)為100左右;2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】DearEric,I’mcurrentlyresearchingthedifferencesinuniversitymajorpreferencesbetweenBritishandChinesestudents.Couldyoupleasetakeamomenttofilloutmyquestionnaire?WiththeaimtoidentifythemostpopularmajorsbothinChinaandtheUK,explorethedecision-makingfactorsandguidancesourcesforstudents,thequestionnaireincludesthefollowingthreequestions—Whatare yourtopthreefavoritemajors?Fromwhichaspectofthemajorwouldyouconsider?Whowouldyouturntowhenchoosingamajor?It’dbehighlyappreciatedifyoucouldforwardthesurveytoyourfriendsandfellowstudents.Thankyouforconsideringmyrequestandattachedisthequestionnaire.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,LiHua【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文。要求考生給英國好友Eric寫封郵件，“以了解中英高中生在未來大學(xué)專業(yè)選擇上的差異”為主題做一個問卷調(diào)查?！驹斀狻?.詞匯積累差異：difference→diversity目的：aim→goal因素：factor→element選擇：choose→gofor2.句式拓展簡單句變復(fù)合句原句：Couldyoupleasetakeamomenttofilloutmyquestionnaire?拓展句：Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldpleasetakeamomenttofilloutmyquestionnaire.【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】Whowouldyouturntowhenchoosingamajor?(運(yùn)用了狀語從句的省略)