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1、直接引語變間接引語的七點(diǎn)變化一、時態(tài)的變化直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,若主句為過去時態(tài),變?yōu)殚g接引語的賓語從句通常要將時態(tài)往后推一個,即一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時,一般將來時變?yōu)檫^去將來時,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時,現(xiàn)在完成時變?yōu)檫^去完成時,一般過去時也變?yōu)檫^去完成時,等等(若直接引語為過去完成時,變?yōu)殚g接引語可以不變)。另外,若直接引語中有情態(tài)動詞can,may等,也應(yīng)變成過去式could,might等(情態(tài)動詞must可以變?yōu)閔adto,也可不變,should,oughtto,hadbetter等可以不變)。如:“IliketowatchTV,”shesaid.她說:“我喜歡看電視?!?
2、?????→ShesaidthatshelikedtowatchTV.她說她喜歡看電視。Hesaid,“I’mwaitingforher.”他說:“我在等她。”?????????→Hesaidthathewaswaitingforher.他說他在等她?!癐twillrainsoon,”hesaid.他說:“很快就會下雨。”????????→Hesaidthatitwouldrainsoon.他說很快就會下雨。“Shecanswim,”hesaid.他說:“她會游泳。”?????????????→Hesaidthatshecouldswim.他說她會游泳。注意:(1)若直接引語為客觀真理
3、,則變?yōu)殚g接引語時時態(tài)不變:Theteachersaid,“Theearthturnsaroundthesun.”老師說:“地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)?!薄鶷heteachersaidthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.老師說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。2)有時由于直接引語有特定的過去時間狀語,變?yōu)殚g接引語時時態(tài)也可不變:Hesaid,“wasbornin1954.”他說:“我是1954年生的。”???→Hesaidthathewasbornin1954.他說他是1954年生的。二、時間狀語的變化直接引語變間接引語時,有些時間狀語根據(jù)情況也要相應(yīng)的改動:如將now改為then,將tod
4、ay改為thatday,將tonight改為thatnight,將yesterday改為thedaybefore,將thismonth改為thatmonth,將lastweek改為theweekbefore,將threeyearsago改為threeyearsbefore,將tomorrow改為thenextday,將nextyear改為thenextyear,等等。如:Hesaid,“I’mverybusynow.”他說:“我現(xiàn)在很忙。”????????????????→Hesaidthathewasverybusythen.他說他當(dāng)時很忙。Hesaid,“Iwanttoleavet
5、oday.”他說:“他想今天離開?!????????????→Hesaidthathewantedtoleavethatday.他說他想那天就離開。Hesaid,“Sheleftyesterday.”他說:“她昨天離開了?!??????????????→Hesaidthatshehadleftthedaybefore.他說她前一天就離開了。Shesaid,“I’lltellyoutomorrow.”她說:“我明天告訴你?!??????????→Shesaidthatshewouldtellmethenextday.她說她第二天告訴我。以上變化有時應(yīng)視情況而定,若在當(dāng)時轉(zhuǎn)述,now不必改
6、為then;若在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述,today,yesterday,tomorrow等不必改為thatday,thedaybefore,thenextday等;若在當(dāng)周轉(zhuǎn)述,thisweek,lastweek不必改為thatweek,thelastweek;若在當(dāng)年轉(zhuǎn)述,thisyear,lastyear不必改為thatyear,thelastyear等。三、代詞的變化在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,有些代詞也要作相應(yīng)的變化,如指示代詞this和these通常變?yōu)閠hat和those。同時人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞等也要根據(jù)具體情況作出合理的調(diào)整。如:Hesaid,“Ithinkthisistheb
7、est.”他說:“我認(rèn)為這是最好的?!??????→Hesaidthathethoughtthatwasthebest.他說他認(rèn)為那是最好的?!癐’llsendyouacard,Sue,”Annsaid.“休,我將給你寄一張明信片,”安說?!鶤nntoldSueshe’dsendheracard.安告訴休她將給她寄一張明信片。注:若場所和地點(diǎn)不發(fā)生改變,this和that也可以不變。四、地點(diǎn)狀語的變化主要涉及的地點(diǎn)狀語是here,它在間接引語中