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1、本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）摘要本文主要對利用廢食用油制備生物柴油的預(yù)酯化—酯交換工藝進行了研究。通過預(yù)酯化的單因素實驗，考察了乙醇用量、催化劑濃硫酸用量、反應(yīng)時間及反應(yīng)溫度對酯化率的影響趨勢。通過酯交換的單因素實驗，考察了乙醇用量、催化劑氫氧化鉀用量、反應(yīng)時間和反應(yīng)溫度對粗生物柴油產(chǎn)率的影響趨勢，確定了利用廢食用油制備生物柴油的最佳工藝條件。預(yù)酯化的實驗結(jié)果表明，其最佳工藝條件為：乙醇用量為80mL、催化劑濃硫酸用量為1g、反應(yīng)時間為3h、反應(yīng)溫度為70℃。酯交換的實驗結(jié)果表明，其最佳工藝條件為：乙醇用量為60mL、催化劑氫氧化鉀用量1g、反應(yīng)時間為4
2、0min、反應(yīng)溫度為70℃。在此條件下可使50mL廢食用油的酸值由40.27mgKOH/g降到1.52mgKOH/g，粗生物柴油的產(chǎn)率可達到93.71%，達到了預(yù)期的效果。采用預(yù)酯化—酯交換工藝，利用廢食用油制備生物柴油，具有產(chǎn)率高、成本低的優(yōu)點，在廢食用油資源化方面前景廣闊。關(guān)鍵詞：廢食用油,生物柴油,預(yù)酯化,酯交換,酸值35本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）AbstractWastecookingoilareusedtoproducebiodieselsbypre-esterificationandtransesterificationhavebeenst
3、udiedinthisstudy.Throughsinglefactorexperimentofpre-esterification,ethanoldosage,catalystsulfuricaciddosage,reactiontemperatureandreactiontimeontheesterificationrateoftrendsisdetermined.Throughsinglefactorexperimentoftransesterification,ethanoldosage,catalystpotassiumhydroxide
4、dosage,reactiontemperatureandreactiontimeonthetheproductivityofcrudebiodieseloftrendswasdetermined,andidentifytheoptimumconditionsofwastecookingoilusedtoproducebiodiesels.Theexperimentalresultsofpre-esterificationshowthatthepre-esterificationoptimumconditions:ethanoljoinamount
5、of80mL,catalystconcentratedsulfuricacidjoinamountof1g,thebestreactiontimeis3h,theoptimumreactiontemperatureis70℃.Theexperimentalresultsoftransesterificationshowthatthetransesterificationoptimumconditions:ethanoljoinamountof60mL,catalystpotassiumhydroxidejoinamountof1g,thebestr
6、eactiontimewas40min,theoptimumreactiontemperatureis70℃.Underthiscondition,theacidvalueof50mLwastecookingoildeclinefrom40.27mgKOH/gto1.52mgKOH/g,crudebiodieselyieldupto93.71%,andreachedthedesiredgoal.Wastecookingoilareusedtoproducebiodieselsbypre-esterificationandtransesterific
7、ationwiththeadvantageofhighyieldandlowcost,inaspectofwastecookingoilresourceswithbroadprospects.Keywords:Wastecookingoil,Biodiesel,Pre-esterification,Transesterification,Acidvalue35本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）目錄第1章緒論11.1研究背景與意義11.2廢食用油概述11.2.1廢食用油的來源`11.2.2廢食用油的危害21.2.3廢食用油的處理現(xiàn)狀31.3生物柴油概述41.3.
8、1生物柴油的定義41.3.2生物柴油的特點41.3.3生物柴油的研究現(xiàn)狀51.4廢食用油制備生物柴油的方法51.4.1直接
