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1、從佛經(jīng)、變文到戲劇對目連救母故事之探討鄭玉鵬大同大學通識教育中心講師locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame13從佛經(jīng)、變文到戲劇對目連救母故事之探討鄭玉鵬*大同大學通識教育中心講
2、師。摘要目連本作目犍連(Maudgalyayana),意譯為「天抱」,是古代印度摩揭陀國王舍城外拘律陀村人。目連是佛陀十大弟子之一,在佛陀諸聲聞弟子之中,具有極重要的地位,被譽為神通第一。在許多佛教經(jīng)典之中,都可看見跟目連有關的事蹟及記載。在重視孝道的中國,目連故事被廣為流傳,他成為家喻戶曉的救母孝子,甚至於影響了民間的習俗及信仰。這中間的轉(zhuǎn)折,經(jīng)歷了數(shù)個朝代的變化,同時,在這發(fā)展的過程之中,目連的身份及故事的內(nèi)涵也隨之而增飾不少並且漸漸與中國文化融合,最後形成了具有中國特色的重要民間戲劇之一。本篇即就「目連救母」的故事發(fā)展,從佛經(jīng)記
3、載到變文資料乃至民間的戲文及傳說,探討其演變之過程及其發(fā)展之差異。全文架構如下:一、前言二、佛經(jīng)中的目連救母故事三、變文中目連故事的演變四、目連戲劇的發(fā)展五、戲劇中的目連故事六、結語藉由本文之探討,以窺知佛教傳入中國後,對民間戲劇、神話及信仰所造成之影響?!娟P鍵詞】目連、目犍連、盂蘭盆、變文、戲文locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(Wuzh
4、ensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame13Theelucidationonthestoryof“MuLienSavedhisMother”fromtheBuddhistScriptures,Bianwen,todramasYu-PengCheng*Lecturer,JapaneseSection,GeneralEducationCenter,TatungUniversity.AbstractMuLien,origin
5、allyspelledasMaudgalyayana,whichmeans“beingembracedbygod,”isavillagerwhoinhabitsKolitaoutsideRajagrahainMagadha.AmongthepupilsthatachievetranscendencethroughtheinteractionwithBuddhainperson,MuLienranksinthetoptendisciplesofBuddha,possessingahighstatusofimmenseimportance
6、andbeingrecognizedforhisnon-to-secondabilitytoexertsupernaturalpower.OfnumerousBuddhismclassics,MuLien-concernedeventsandrecordsareomnipresent.InChina,acountryfamedfortheemphasisonfilialpiety,alltheanecdotescenteringonMuLiencirculatefarandwide,whichnotonlywinshimafamous
7、titleasadutifulsonwhorescuedhismotherbutalsoinfluencesthecustomandreligionofthefolks.Thetransitionoftheevolutionwitnessesthevicissitudeofsomedynasties;meanwhile,duringthecourseofthedevelopment,theidentityofMuLienaswellastheconnotationofthestoriesaccumulatesplentyofembro
8、ideryandgraduallyfuseswiththeChineseculture,which,inthelongrun,formsoneofthefundamentalfolkdramasfeaturingChin