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1、HeartlandofCitiesTheUniversityofChicagoPressgratefullyacknowledgesasubventionfromtheOrientalInstituteinpartialsupportofthecostsofproductionofthisvolume.HeartlandofCitiesSurveysofAncientSettlementandLandUseontheCentralFloodplainoftheEuphratesRobertMcC.AdamsTheUniversityofChicagoPressChica
2、goandLondonTheUniversityofChicagoPress,Chicago60637TheUniversityofChicagoPress,Ltd.,London?1981byTheUniversityofChicagoAllrightsreserved.Published1981PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica858483828154321ROBERTMcC.ADAMSisHaroldH.SwiftDistinguishedProfessorofAnthropologyintheOrientalInstitutean
3、dtheDepartmentsofAnthropologyandNearEasternLanguagesandCivilizationsattheUniversityofChicago.Heistheauthorofseveralbooks,includingLandbehindBaghdadandTheUrukCountryside,bothpublishedbytheUniversityofChicagoPress.LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationDataAdams,RobertMcCormick,1926-Heart
4、landofcities.Bibliography:p.Includesindex.1.Babylonia-Antiquities.2.Babylonia-Civiliza-tion.3.Citiesandtowns,Ancient-Iraq-Babylonia.4.Landuse-Iraq-Babylonia.5.Irrigation-Iraq-Babylonia.I.Title.DS70.A3293580-13995ISBN0-226-00544-5TotheMemoryofFuadSafarContentsListofFiguresixListofTablesxi
5、ForewordThorkildJacobsenxiiiPrefacexvii1WATER,LAND,ANDLIFE1RiverandAlluvium3LocalClimateandVegetation11AnOverviewofMajorWatercourseSuccessionPatterns14EffectsofHumanAgencies19FeaturesofaPremodernEuphratesLandscape222THERECOVERYOFANCIENTSETTLEMENTANDIRRIGATIONPATTERNS27Maps,AirPhotographs
6、,andTheirInterpretation28BoundariesofSurveyCoverage33ReconnaissanceSequence,Procedures,andEffectiveness37SiteSurvey,Collections,andDating43ReinterpretationofLowerDiyalaCanalPatterns46MajorLimitationsofThisSurveyasaSourceforSettlementHistory473URBANORIGINS(UBAID-EARLYDYNASTICIPERIODS)52On
7、setofAlluvialSettlement54MassAppearanceofSedentaryCultivatorsAroundRegionallyDifferentiatedHierarchiesofUrbanCenters60TheFirstUrbanClimax81AppendixA:TheSurveyDataBase:Uruk-EarlyDynasticISites,Collections,andChronologicalIndicators94AppendixB:AGrowthSimulationProgramRobert
