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1、ManagingDistributedInnovation:StrategicUtilizationofOpenandUserInnovationMarcelBogersSPIRECenter,MadsClausenInstituteforProductInnovation,UniversityofSouthernDenmarkJoelWestKGI—KeckGraduateInstitutePublishedas:MarcelBogersandJoelWest,“ManagingDistributedInnovation
2、:StrategicUtilizationofOpenandUserInnovation,”CreativityandInnovationManagement,21,1(March2012):61–75.DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8691.2011.00622.x!Revisiondate:October24,2011Abstract:Researchfromavarietyofperspectiveshasarguedthatinnovationnolongertakesplacewithinasingleo
3、rganization,butratherisdistributedacrossmultiplestakeholdersinavaluenetwork.Herewecontrasttheverticallyintegratedinnovationmodeltoopeninnovation,userinnovation,aswellasotherdistributedprocesses(cumulativeinnovation,communitiesorsocialproduction,andco-creation),whi
4、lewealsodiscussopensourcesoftwareandcrowdsourcingasapplicationsoftheperspectives.Weconsiderdifferencesinthenatureofdistributedinnovation,aswellasitsoriginsanditseffects.Fromthis,wecontrastthepredictionsoftheperspectivesonthesources,motivationandvalueappropriationo
5、fexternalinnovation,andtherebyprovideaframeworkforthestrategicmanagementofdistributedinnovation.Keywords:openinnovation;userinnovation;cumulativeinnovation;communities;socialproduction;co-creation;opensourcesoftware;crowdsourcingAcknowledgements:Earlierversionsoft
6、hispaperwerepresentedattheUserandOpenInnovationWorkshop2009,andtheUCBerkeleyCenterforOpenInnovation.1!Introduction........................................................................................................................2!2!Divergent1Views1of1“Innova
7、tion”...............................................................................3!2.1!Innovation+Attributes:+Knowledge,+Components+and+Complements...............3!2.2!Varying+Degrees+of+Innovativeness............................................................
8、.....................6!3!Integrated1and1Distributed1Models1of1Firm1Innovation.................................8!3.1!A+Vertically+Integrated+Model+of+Ind
