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1、鄉(xiāng)村景觀設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié)風(fēng)貌特征探析 關(guān)鍵詞:風(fēng)景園林遺產(chǎn)；鄉(xiāng)村景觀；文化景觀；景觀特征；景觀風(fēng)貌；景觀規(guī)劃；景觀管理；景觀建設(shè)；鄉(xiāng)村規(guī)劃摘要：目前，北京的鄉(xiāng)村景觀建設(shè)存在鄉(xiāng)村景觀風(fēng)貌逐漸喪失、并日趨城鎮(zhèn)化，鄉(xiāng)村景觀風(fēng)貌特征、鄉(xiāng)村地域美學(xué)不夠突出和鄉(xiāng)村規(guī)劃項(xiàng)目缺乏統(tǒng)籌、建設(shè)紊亂三大凸顯問題。以北京鄉(xiāng)村景觀風(fēng)貌特征為研究對象,沿用從感知到認(rèn)知——景觀特征研究方法，基于閱讀文獻(xiàn)資料法和問卷法、訪談法、抽象歸納法，通過古代田園類詩詞、《園冶》及風(fēng)水學(xué)反映出中國傳統(tǒng)鄉(xiāng)村景觀風(fēng)貌特征，包括13個(gè)“呈現(xiàn)型”特征和14個(gè)“營造型”特征；通過文學(xué)作品、民居建筑、傳統(tǒng)植物、非物質(zhì)文
2、化遺產(chǎn)總結(jié)歸納出3類北京傳統(tǒng)鄉(xiāng)村景觀；此外，通過針對北京鄉(xiāng)村居住者與旅游觀光者研究對北京當(dāng)代鄉(xiāng)村景觀風(fēng)貌特征進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充，從而構(gòu)建北京鄉(xiāng)村景觀風(fēng)貌特征研究框架。未來可深入研究并系統(tǒng)化北京鄉(xiāng)村景觀風(fēng)貌特征，建立《北京鄉(xiāng)村景觀建設(shè)導(dǎo)則》與《北京鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)項(xiàng)目景觀風(fēng)貌評價(jià)體系》，從宏觀、中觀、微觀三個(gè)層面把握其發(fā)展，促進(jìn)“美麗鄉(xiāng)村”的建設(shè)。關(guān)鍵詞：風(fēng)景園林遺產(chǎn)；鄉(xiāng)村景觀；文化景觀；景觀特征；景觀風(fēng)貌；景觀規(guī)劃；景觀管理；景觀建設(shè)；鄉(xiāng)村規(guī)劃基金項(xiàng)目：國家“十二五”科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(XXBAJ24B05)Abstract:Currently,Beijing'sruralla
3、ndscapeconstructioninthecountryisattheforefront,buttherearestillthreeprominentproblemsincludingthegraduallostandurbanizationofrurallandscape,thelackofprominentstylefeaturesofrurallandscapeandtheinconspicuousregionalaestheticsofruralareas,andtheinordinateorganizationofruralplanningp
4、rojectsandconstruction.TakingBeijing’srurallandscapestylefeaturesasresearchsubject,thispapertriestoreflectthestylefeaturesofChina’straditionalrurallandscape,including13"Show-type"featuresand14“Construction-type"features,byresearchingthelandscapefeaturesfromperceptiontocognition,stu
5、dyingrelevantmaterials,givingquestionnaires,makinginterviews,usingAbstractInductionmethod,andusingancientpastoralpoems,YuanYeandFengshuiTheoryasreferences.ItthenconcludesthreecategoriesofBejing’srurallandscapethroughthestudyofliterature,vernaculararchitecture,traditionalplantsandin
6、tangibleculturalheritage.Inaddition,thecontemporaryrurallandscapefeaturesinBeijingaresupplementedtoestablisharesearchframeworkofBeijing’srurallandscapestylefeaturesbymeansofresearchingtheruralresidentsandvisitors.ThefeaturesofBeijing’srurallandscapecanbesystematizedandstudiesinadee
7、perdimensioninthefuture,soastoestablishtheGuidelineontheconstructionofBeijing’sRuralLandscapeandtheAssessmentSystemofBeijing’sRuralLandscapeStyleFeatures,promotingthedevelopmentofrurallandscapefrommacroscopiclevel,mediumlevelandmicrocosmiclevel,andeventuallyrealizingtheconstruction
8、of“BeautifulVillage”.Keywo
