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1、頸椎手術(shù)的圍手術(shù)期護(hù)理www.themegallery.comLOGO相關(guān)英文解釋ACDF:anteriorcervicaldiscectomyandfusionACCF:anteriorcervicalcorpectomyandfusionADR:artificialdiscreplacementCSM:cervicalspondyloticmyelopathywww.themegallery.comLOGO頸前路手術(shù)史1958年Smith-Robinson、Cloward開(kāi)展頸前路手術(shù)1960年Wilkinson病理1962年我國(guó)吳祖堯、楊克勤率先報(bào)告197
2、6年上海長(zhǎng)征醫(yī)院骨科開(kāi)展環(huán)鋸法前路手術(shù)1995年長(zhǎng)征醫(yī)院采用椎體次全切除+植骨+自鎖鋼板固定1997年長(zhǎng)征骨科醫(yī)院脊柱外科由袁文主任率先放棄了沿用20多年的頸前路環(huán)鋸技術(shù),使用Cage植骨融合內(nèi)固定術(shù)www.themegallery.comLOGO相關(guān)背景ACDF:頸椎退變性疾病的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1ADR:保留運(yùn)動(dòng)、臨近節(jié)段退變2多階段CSM如何選擇前路手術(shù)3HybridSurgery:即一期進(jìn)行融合與非融合的聯(lián)合手術(shù),常特指同時(shí)行ACDF或ACCF與ADR的混搭手術(shù)4www.themegallery.comLOGO相關(guān)背景www.themegallery.comLOGO
3、相關(guān)背景www.themegallery.comLOGO相關(guān)背景www.themegallery.comLOGO相關(guān)背景www.themegallery.comLOGO圍手術(shù)期概論圍手術(shù)期是指從確定手術(shù)治療時(shí)起,至與這次手術(shù)有關(guān)的治療基本結(jié)束為止的一段時(shí)間。圍手術(shù)期的概念圍手術(shù)期護(hù)理的重要性www.themegallery.comLOGO頸椎手術(shù)術(shù)前護(hù)理術(shù)前準(zhǔn)備心理準(zhǔn)備氣管食管推移訓(xùn)練床上排便和呼吸功能鍛煉體位訓(xùn)練www.themegallery.comLOGO術(shù)前準(zhǔn)備對(duì)患者的全身情況進(jìn)行評(píng)估飲食指導(dǎo)協(xié)助完成各種檢查并注意檢查后的不良反應(yīng)開(kāi)展入院介紹,使患者適應(yīng)新
4、的環(huán)境www.themegallery.comLOGO心理準(zhǔn)備病友現(xiàn)身說(shuō)法的作用術(shù)前進(jìn)行心理疏導(dǎo)頸椎手術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大,消除病患的恐懼心理www.themegallery.comLOGO頸椎前外側(cè)顯露途徑www.themegallery.comLOGO前外側(cè)途徑主要用于暴露頸椎體椎間盤鉤椎關(guān)節(jié)www.themegallery.comLOGO右側(cè)橫形切口途徑體位:仰臥、頸后墊枕切口:胸鎖乳突肌至中線,長(zhǎng)4~6cm水平:胸骨上3cm,顯露頸5~7胸骨上5cm,顯露頸3~5環(huán)狀軟骨相當(dāng)于頸5~6www.themegallery.comLOGO頸前路手術(shù)體位www.themega
5、llery.comLOGO頸前右側(cè)橫切口www.themegallery.comLOGO氣管食管推移訓(xùn)練適應(yīng)證:頸椎前路手術(shù)目的:為避免術(shù)中牽拉損傷,減輕術(shù)后患者咽喉部及食管的不適癥狀開(kāi)始時(shí)間:術(shù)前3-5天www.themegallery.comLOGO技術(shù)要領(lǐng):要求將氣管食管推移過(guò)頸部中線,以便術(shù)中暴露椎前間隙。氣管食管推移訓(xùn)練www.themegallery.comLOGOwww.themegallery.comLOGOwww.themegallery.comLOGO呼吸功能鍛煉深呼吸有效咳嗽www.themegallery.comLOGO體位訓(xùn)練仰臥位訓(xùn)練w
6、ww.themegallery.comLOGO體位訓(xùn)練俯臥位訓(xùn)練www.themegallery.comLOGO體位訓(xùn)練俯臥位訓(xùn)練www.themegallery.comLOGO體位訓(xùn)練石膏床練習(xí)www.themegallery.comLOGO體位訓(xùn)練www.themegallery.comLOGO配置合適的頸托www.themegallery.comLOGO術(shù)后護(hù)理飲食護(hù)理出院指導(dǎo)切口護(hù)理術(shù)后24小時(shí)的觀察與護(hù)理術(shù)后常見(jiàn)護(hù)理問(wèn)題及措施功能鍛煉體位護(hù)理www.themegallery.comLOGO術(shù)后24小時(shí)的觀察與護(hù)理頸椎手術(shù)并發(fā)癥多發(fā)于術(shù)后24小時(shí)接診術(shù)后病
7、人:小心搬動(dòng);體位性休克密切注意呼吸情況:出血;喉頭水腫;中樞性呼吸困難。www.themegallery.comLOGO注意頭頸部的制動(dòng):上頸椎手術(shù)嚴(yán)格制動(dòng)脊髓神經(jīng)功能觀察:四肢感覺(jué)和運(yùn)動(dòng)術(shù)后24小時(shí)的觀察與護(hù)理www.themegallery.comLOGOwww.themegallery.comLOGOwww.themegallery.comLOGOwww.themegallery.comLOGOwww.themegallery.comLOGOwww.themegallery.comLOGOwww.themegallery.comLOGOwww.themeg
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