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1、blood-brainbarrier(BBB)HuafuQ:279486524KeyfunctionsoftheBBBDiscoveryoftheblood-brainbarrierAnatomyoftheblood-brainbarrierCircumventricularorgansFactorsthatcanlowertheblood-brainbarrierBlood-brainborderandGlucoseBlood-brainbarrierpermeabilityinthemousebrainOutlineKeyfunctionsoftheBBBAmechanismthat
2、controlsthepassageofsubstancesfromthebloodintothecerobrospinalfluidandthusintothebrainandspinalcord.Theblood-brainbarrier(BBB)letsessentialmetabolites,suchasoxygenandglucose,passfromthebloodtothebrainandcentralnervoussystem(CNS)butblocksmostmoleculesthataremoremassivethanabout500daltons.Thisisalo
3、wmassinbiomoleculartermsandmeansthateverythingfromhormonesandneurotransmitterstovirusesandbacteriaarerefusedaccesstothebrainbytheBBB.Italsomeansthatmanydrugs,whichwouldotherwisebecapableoftreatingdisordersoftheCNS,aredeniedaccesstotheveryregionswheretheywouldbeaffective.KeyfunctionsoftheBBBare:Pr
4、otectingthebrainfrom"foreignsubstances"(suchasvirusesandbacteria)inthebloodthatcouldinjurethebrainShieldingthebrainfromhormonesandneurotransmittersintherestofthebodyMaintainingaconstantenvironment(homeostasis)forthebrainDiscoveryoftheblood-brainbarrierThespecialpropertiesoftheblood-brainbarrierwe
5、refirstobservedinthelate19thcenturybytheGermanbacteriologistPaulEhrlich.Hefoundthatwhenheinjectedcoloreddyesintothebloodstreamtheyleakedoutofcapillariesinmostregionsofthebodytostainthesurroundingtissues;thebrain,however,remainedunstained.Ehrlichwronglysurmisedthatthebrainhadalowaffinityforthedyes
6、.Itwashisstudent,EdwinGoldman,whodidtheotherhalfoftheexperimentandrealizedthetruthofwhatwasgoingon.Goldmaninjectedadyeintothecerebrospinalfluidthatsurroundsthebrainandobservedthatitstainedthebrain,butnothingelse.Goldmanncorrectlyconcludedthatthedyewasunabletocrossthespecializedwallsofbraincapilla
7、ries.Anatomyoftheblood-brainbarrierDiagramoftheblood-brainbarriertransversetoacapillary(A)Diagramofabraincapillaryincrosssectionandreconstructedviews,showingendothelialtightjunctionsandtheinvestmentofthecapillarybyastr
