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1、眼科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)ChapteroneBasicophthalmology7/8/20211第一節(jié)眼的組織解剖anatomyofeyeball一．眼球Theglobe(eyeball)正常眼球的前后徑出生時(shí)約16mm.3歲時(shí)達(dá)23mm.成年時(shí)24mm.anteriorandposteriordistanceofnormaleyeballis16mminborn.Atage323mm,atadult24mm7/8/20212（一）眼球壁Eyecoat1.外層Theoutercoat1/6角膜Cornea5/6鞏膜Sclera7/8/20213（1）角膜Cornea橫徑The
2、transversediameter11.5-12mm垂直徑Theverticaldiameter10.5-11mm7/8/20214前表面曲率半徑Theradiusofconvexcurvatureinfront7.8mm后表面曲率半徑Theradiusofconvexcurvatureinback6.8mm角膜厚度中央部Thecentralthickness0.5-0.55mm角膜厚度周邊部Theperipherythickness1mm7/8/20215組織學(xué)分層①上皮細(xì)胞層Epithelium②前彈力層Bowman’smembrane③基質(zhì)層Stroma④
3、后彈力層Descemet’smembrane⑤內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞層Endothelium7/8/202167/8/20217(2)鞏膜Sclera組織學(xué)分層①表層鞏膜Theepisclera②鞏膜實(shí)質(zhì)層Thescleralstroma③棕黑板層Thelaminafascia7/8/20218角鞏膜緣Limbus前房角Anteriorchamberangle7/8/202192．中層Themiddlecoat葡萄膜Uvea色素膜Tunicapigmentosa7/8/202110（1）虹膜Iris分層：①基質(zhì)層Stroma②色素上皮層Pigmentepitheliallaye
4、r瞳孔Pupil:直徑2.5-4mm7/8/202111(2)睫狀體Ciliarybody睫狀冠Parsplicata:前1/3睫狀突Cliaryprocesses:睫狀體扁平部Parsplana:后2/3鋸齒緣Oraserrata:7/8/202112(3)脈絡(luò)膜Choroid組成大血管層Largevascularlayer中血管層Middlevascularlayer毛細(xì)血管層Capillarylayer7/8/2021133．內(nèi)層Innerlayer視網(wǎng)膜Retina中心凹Fovea黃斑M(jìn)aculalutea中心小凹Foveola——黃斑中心凹Foveace
5、ntralis視盤(pán)Opticdisc——視乳頭Opticpapilla視杯、杯凹Opticcup7/8/202114視網(wǎng)膜分層外層視網(wǎng)膜色素上皮層Retinalpigmentepithelium,RPE7/8/202115內(nèi)層視網(wǎng)膜神經(jīng)感覺(jué)層①???視錐、視桿細(xì)胞層（光感受器細(xì)胞層）Coneandrodlayer②外界膜Externallimitingmembrane③外核層Outernuclearlayer④外叢狀層Outerplaxiform⑤內(nèi)核層Innernuclearlayer⑥內(nèi)叢狀層Innerplexiformlayer⑦神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞層Ganglion
6、celllayer⑧神經(jīng)纖維層Nervefiberlayer⑨內(nèi)界膜Limitingmembrane7/8/2021167/8/202117（二）眼球內(nèi)容Contentsoftheeye1.房水Aqueoushumor前房Anteriorchamber后房Posteriorchamber7/8/2021182.晶狀體Lens7/8/2021193.玻璃體Vitreousbody7/8/2021207/8/2021211.視路Visualpathway光感受器→雙級(jí)細(xì)胞→神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞→視乳頭→視神經(jīng)→視交叉→視束→外側(cè)膝狀體→視放射→視皮質(zhì)retinalphotore
7、ceptor→bipolarcell→nervousganglioncells→opticdisk→opticnerve→opticchasm→optictract→lateralgeniculatebody→opticradiation→visualcortex.7/8/202122二、眼眶及附屬器Orbitandaccessoryapparatus(一)眼眶Orbit1.視神經(jīng)孔和視神經(jīng)管Opticforamenandcanal2.眶上裂Superiororbitalfissure3.眶下裂Inferiororbitalfissure4.眶上切跡（或孔）The
8、supra
