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1、災(zāi)難需求之快速評(píng)估PurposeConfirmtheemergencyDescribethetype,impactandpossibleevolutionoftheemergencyMeasureitspresentandpotentialhealthimpactAssesstheadequateofexistingresponsecapacityandimmediateadditionalneedsRecommendpriorityactionforimmediateresponse快速評(píng)估的範(fàn)圍(1)確認(rèn)
2、災(zāi)難對(duì)社會(huì)的衝擊和社會(huì)的處理能力確認(rèn)弱勢族群，特別是婦女和兒童確認(rèn)緊急的需求與可提供給災(zāi)民的有效方法確認(rèn)災(zāi)區(qū)的反應(yīng)程度與內(nèi)部（包括災(zāi)民）的處理能力確認(rèn)災(zāi)民需求的優(yōu)先性，與災(zāi)民自己喜歡的策略確認(rèn)外援反應(yīng)的程度快速評(píng)估的範(fàn)圍(2)向中央建議災(zāi)難處理的優(yōu)先順序確認(rèn)那種深度評(píng)估應(yīng)該進(jìn)行提供基本資料以作為後來監(jiān)測的參考狀況無法確定或需求超過US＄25000清楚自己的能力並告知當(dāng)?shù)卣u(píng)估的種類災(zāi)難狀況評(píng)估需求評(píng)估災(zāi)難狀況評(píng)估項(xiàng)目(1)災(zāi)難的位置及範(fàn)圍災(zāi)民數(shù)死亡率外傷及疾病種類災(zāi)民的特徵及狀況緊急醫(yī)療、衛(wèi)生、營養(yǎng)、飲水及
3、健康狀態(tài)持續(xù)或緊急威脅的程度（天然／人為）災(zāi)難狀況評(píng)估項(xiàng)目(2)基層組織及重要設(shè)施的損害。房屋及商業(yè)建築物的損害。農(nóng)業(yè)及食物供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)的損害。經(jīng)濟(jì)資源及社會(huì)組織的損害。無助災(zāi)民在未來數(shù)週（月）對(duì)災(zāi)難嚴(yán)重程度的影響。災(zāi)區(qū)本身處理災(zāi)難能力的程度及反應(yīng)。其他團(tuán)體的動(dòng)員形情。IndicatorsDeathNoofimpact-relateddeathsinpopulationofdisasterareaNoofimpact-relateddeathsbyageandgenderNoofimpacted-relatedd
4、eathsinpopulationwithinspecificlocationorhabitatNoofdeathspernumberofdestroyedhousesNoofimpact-relateddeathsperunitoftimeafterdisasterinpopulationofdisasterareaIndicatorsMorbidityNoofmedicalconsultationsinsurvivingpopulationTimedistributionofmedicalconsulta
5、tionDistributionoftypesofmedicalconditionsIncidenceofcommunicablediseasesOccupancyofhospitalbedsanddurationofhospitalizationGeographicaloriginofhospitalizedsuppliesIndicatorsCasualtiesNoofdeathspernumberofcasualtiesNoofcasualtiesperpopulationofdisasterareaD
6、istributionoftypesofcasualties評(píng)估的基本要素預(yù)備計(jì)劃標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化：名詞、分類、調(diào)查、技術(shù)、程序、表格調(diào)查和資料收集快速且完整標(biāo)明資料來源、潛在問題的形態(tài)及指標(biāo)分析預(yù)測報(bào)告監(jiān)測MethodologicalProblemsCompromisebetweentimelinessandaccuracyCompetingpriorityforinformationLogisticalconstrainAbsenceofbaselineinformationDenominatordataunava
7、ilableMethodologicalProblems,cont.UnderreportingofhealtheventsLackrepresentativenessResourcecostsofcollectingandanalyzingdataLackofstandardizedreportingmechanisms資料收集方法資料ＶＳ資訊正確性及時(shí)與適當(dāng)頻率取得資訊的有效性常用收集資料的方法地方政府的重要項(xiàng)目自我評(píng)估目視和訪問訪問重要消息人士醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)災(zāi)民特殊特徵的樣本調(diào)查簡單隨機(jī)抽樣系統(tǒng)隨機(jī)抽樣分
8、層隨機(jī)抽樣族群抽樣NoconclusioncanbemadeaboutpersonswhoarenotinthesamplinguniverseProcessofSelectingASampleDefinetheareaunderstudyDrawaroughmapGeographicalfeature,peoplelive,relativepopulationconcentrationUseloc
