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1、談?wù)劚粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法 英語(yǔ)中及物動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化?！ ?.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：is/am/are+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday. Iamaskedtostudyhard. Knivesareusedforcuttingthings. 2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：was/were+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 An
2、ewshopwasbuiltlastyear. Dinosaureggswerelaidlonglongago. 3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：has/have+been+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages. Manyman-madesatelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries. 4.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：will+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 Anewhospitalwillbebuiltinour
3、city. Manymoretreeswillbeplantednextyear. 5.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 Youngtreesmustbewateredoften. Yourmistakesshouldbecorrectedrightnow. Thedoormaybelockedinside. Yourhomeworkcanbehandedintomorrow. 6.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：am/is/are+being+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 UncleWangismen
4、dingmybikenow.→ MybikeisbeingrepairedbyTomnow. Theyareplantingtreesoverthere.→ Treesarebeingplantedovertherebythem. 7.不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：to+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 Therearetwobookstoberead.→ Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)非常簡(jiǎn)單，可以遵循以下幾個(gè)步驟： 1.先找出謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞； 2.再找出謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)；
5、 3.把賓語(yǔ)用作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)； 4.注意人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。 例：1. Brucewritesalettereveryweek.→AletteriswrittenbyBruceeveryweek. 2. LiLeimendedthebrokenbikethismorning.→ThebrokenbikewasmendedbyLiLeithismorning. 3.Hehaswrittentwonovelssofar.→Twonovelshavebeenwrittenbyhimsofar. 4.Theywillplan
6、ttentreestomorrow.→Tentreeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow. 5.Lucyiswritingaletternow.→AletterisbeingwrittenbyLucynow. 6.Youmustlockthedoorwhenyouleave.→thedoormustbelockedwhenyouleave. 1.不及物動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?！ hatwillhappenin100years. Thedinosaursdisappearedabout65millionyears
7、ago. 2.有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 Thispenwriteswell. Thisnewbooksellswell. 3.感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞使用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不帶to，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，須加上to. 例：makesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+madetodosomething seesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+seentodosomething Agirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.→M
8、ywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby. Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.→Thelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbyth
