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1、語(yǔ)態(tài)一.概念主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者、發(fā)出者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受著。如：ManypeoplespeakEnglish.Englishisspokenbymanypeople.二.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法1.不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行這是誰(shuí)。Thisjacketismadeofcotton.2.沒(méi)有必要或不想說(shuō)出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。Manythousandsoftreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.3.強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受著。Shewasaskedtosingasongyesterday.4.出于禮貌措辭等原因不愿說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。Youareinvitedtoapa
2、rtyateighto’clocktomorrow.三.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法如圖:S+V+OS+be+ved+by+O例如：Scientistsfounddinosaureggs.Dinosaureggswerefoundbyscientists.四.結(jié)構(gòu)：主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式dobedonecandocanbedonewilldowillbedone進(jìn)行時(shí)bedoingbebeingdong完成時(shí)havedonehasdonehaddonehavebeendonehasbeendonehadbeendone1.WestudyEnglish.2.Hemendedthebike
3、yesterday.3.Wewillfinishtheworktomorrow.4.Maryhasfinishedthework.5.Theyareplantingtreesbytheriver.6.Iwaswritingalettertomyuncleateightyesterday.7.Theyhadfinishedtheworkbeforeyesterday.8.Canyoucutdownthetrees?9.Thefarmproducesmilk,meat,eggsandbananas.10.Hesaidtheywouldputdowntheoldbuilding.注意下列
4、四種特殊類型的句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句：有兩種變法：1）常把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)(容易簡(jiǎn)單),而把直接賓語(yǔ)仍然放在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)后面，不變。如:2.把直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)前要加介詞to或for.Hetoldusastoryyesterday.Myfathergavemeanewpenjustnow.Mothercooksusdinnereveryday.IsentLiMingaperfectpresentlastSunday.2.含有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)時(shí)有兩種情況：1)由形容詞、名詞、介詞、帶to的不定式等作賓補(bǔ)的句子，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)
5、構(gòu)時(shí)，只需把賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)即可。WecallhimLaoZhang.Hemadetheroombeautiful.Hekeptmewaitingforanhour.MrWangaskedthestudentstohandintheirhomeworkontime.2）在一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞后，不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，要省略不定式符號(hào)to:Weheardhersinginherroom.Hemademewaitforalongtime.Isawaboygetonabus.Theoldmanwatcheshissonplayonthegroundeveryday.許多有部及物動(dòng)
6、詞加介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，也由被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。在有主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，不可以把短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分開(kāi)，也不能漏掉短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的介詞或副詞。Heturnedofftheradiojustnow.Theytakegoodcareofthebaby.Thechildrenarewaitingforabusnow.Theboyusedadictionarytohelphim,TheyhavelistenedtomanyEnglishsongs.sbsay+that從句的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句通常用Itbesaid+that從句。獲將賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)變?yōu)椴?/p>
7、定式。如：Theysaythatheismuchbetternow.________thatheismuchbetternow.________tobemuchbetternow.Wesaidthathewasateacher.________thathewasateacher._______tobeateacher.ShesaidthatLiMingwouldturnofftheradio._________LiMingwouldturnofftheradio.__
