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1、新生兒寒冷損傷綜合征Neonatalcoldinjurysyndromewww.med126.com目的要求?Tobefamiliarwithetiology、mechanismandprevention?Tomastertheclinicalmanifestationandtreatmentsummary(概述)Neonatalcoldinjuryisadisorder,whichisduetocoldness(寒冷),prematurebirth(早產(chǎn)),infection(感染)andasphyxia(窒息).Theclinicalmanifestationsar
2、ehypothermia(低溫)associatedwithlethargy(嗜睡),edema(水腫)andsclerema(硬化)oftheskin,andsomedegreeofsystemicorganinjury.www.med126.comEtiologyandMechanism1.內(nèi)因(Intrinsicfactors)1)溫度調(diào)節(jié)中樞(thermotaxiccenter)發(fā)育不成熟2)散熱過(guò)多(excessiveheatloss)3)體內(nèi)儲(chǔ)存熱量少4)棕色脂肪(brownfat)的化學(xué)產(chǎn)熱方式為主,缺乏寒顫等物理產(chǎn)熱方式5)飽和脂肪酸(saturated
3、fattyacid)含量多,熔點(diǎn)高。2.外因(Extrinsicfactors)1)寒冷(coldness)2)攝入不足(intakedeficiency)3)早產(chǎn)(prematurebirth)4)疾?。╠iseases)①感染(infection)②窒息(asphyxia)3、多器官功能損害低體溫、硬腫 局部血液循環(huán)淤滯缺氧、酸中毒毛細(xì)血管↑多器官功能損害ClinicalManifestation1、一般情況(Generalmanifestation)少動(dòng)(decreasedactivity)少哭少吃(poorfeeding)低體溫(lowtemperature
4、)2、皮膚表現(xiàn)(Skinfeature)1)硬化(cold,brightred,edemaandsclerema)2)順序(gradation)小腿(calf)?大腿(thigh)?臀部9Buttock)面部?(Face)?上肢(upperlimb)全身(Totalbody)3)分度(Gradesofseverity)Accordingtoanareaofsclerema輕度(mild):<20%中度(moderate):20%~50%重度(severe):>50%www.med126.com3、多器官功能損傷循環(huán)衰竭(circulatorycollapse)急性腎功能
5、衰竭(acuterenalfailure)肺出血(pulmonaryhemorrhage)呼吸衰竭(respiratoryfailure)DICPulmonaryhemorrhage(肺出血)輔助檢查血常規(guī)血?dú)夥治鲭娊赓|(zhì)血糖腎功心電圖胸片診斷分度輕度重度輕度重度體溫300~350﹤300硬腫范圍﹤50%﹥50%伴器官功能衰竭診斷與鑒別診斷新生兒水腫新生兒皮下壞疽診斷與鑒別診斷Treatment⒈復(fù)溫(rewarming)①bodytemperature〉30℃將患兒置于中性溫度(neutraltemperature)的溫箱中,于6~12hr恢復(fù)體溫。②bodytempe
6、rature〈30℃將患兒置于比肛溫高1~2℃的溫箱中,待肛溫恢復(fù)至35℃時(shí),維持箱溫的溫度于中性溫度。Openradiantwarmerbedincubatorwww.med126.comTreatment⒉熱量和液體供給Calorie:50kcal/kg.d,逐漸增加至100~200kcal/kg.dLiquid:1ml/kcal⒊對(duì)癥治療:有微循環(huán)障礙者糾酸、擴(kuò)容、血管活性藥。有肺出血者行機(jī)械通氣及時(shí)處理腎功能障礙及DIC⒋預(yù)防感染www.med126.combyebye