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1、無菌術(shù)ANTISEPSIS普通外科韓承新無菌術(shù)無菌術(shù)的歷史無菌術(shù)的概述抗菌滅菌手術(shù)室的消毒與清潔手術(shù)人員的術(shù)前準備病員的術(shù)野準備手術(shù)進行中的無菌原則古代手術(shù)場景感染非常常見，以至于認為是不可避免的甚至是愈合過程中的必然過程也有些措施，如火燒，油燙，油膏TheAgnewClinicTheAgnewClinicdistinguishedsurgeon,Dr.DavidHayesAgnew,ontheeveofhisretirementfromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniaMedicalSchool.Thesurgicalteamisset
2、offfromtheattentivestudentsbytheilluminationfromanunseensourceofdaylight.Ayoungmemberofthesurgicalteamadministersopendropethervaporsthroughagauzeconetoalimpfemaleform.ThesurgicalteamlaborsasDr.Agnewelaboratesonhissurgicaltechniqueforcancerofthebreast."TheFirstOperationwithEther"The
3、controversyovertheinventionofgeneralanesthesiaandthefirstpublicdemonstrationofdiethyletherattheMassachusettsGeneralHospitalonOctober16,1846ismatchedbytheuncertainoriginofthisrecreationoftheeventbyRobertCutlerHinckleycompletedinParisin1892.?Aphotographer(daguerreotypist),JosiahHawes
4、,issaidtohavebeensofrightenedthathewasunabletorecordthismomentousevent."TheFirstOperationwithEther"ispaintedafterthestyleofThomasEakins(1844-1916).Theparticipantshavebeenidentifiedas:GilbertAbbott,thepatient;JohnCollinsWarren,MD,thesurgeon;WilliamT.G.Morton,theanesthetist;andHenryJ
5、.Bigelow,MD,thejuniorsurgeon.?Eachoneknewthathewasaparticipantinmedicalhistory.TheinscriptiononMorton'sgravesidemonumentpaystributetohimasthe"InventorandRevealerofAnestheticInhalation.BEFOREWHOMInalltimeSurgerywasAgony.BYWHOMPaininSurgerywasavertedandannulled.SINCEWHOMSciencehascon
6、trolofpain."ThepaintinghangsinthBillrothThetorchofmodernsurgerywaslitbyChristianAlbertTheodorBillroth,MD(1829-1894)whenhebecamechiefofsurgeryatAllegemeinesKrankenhauseinVienna.BillrothpassedhistechniquestomanyincludingWilliamStewartHalstead,MD(1852-1922)whointurntrainedHarveyWillia
7、msCushing,MD(1869-1939).BillrothreachedhissurgicalfameduringaBelleépoqueofsurgerydueinnosmallpartduetotheintroductionofetherandchloroformgeneralanesthesiainthemiddleofthe19thcentury.Theimagepaintedin1890byAdalbertFranzSeligmannshowsBillrothattheageof60demonstratingsurgeryinabrightl
8、ylit?operatingtheatertoana
