資源描述：
《組織行為學(xué)：群體決策》由會(huì)員上傳分享，免費(fèi)在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在行業(yè)資料-天天文庫(kù)。
1、組織行為學(xué)：群體決策Thebelief—characterizedbyjuries—thattwoheadsarebetterthanonehaslongbeenacceptedasabasiccomponentofNorthAmericanandmanyothercountries’legalsystems.Thebeliefhasexpandedtothepointthat,today,manydecisionsinorganizationsaremadebygroups,teams,orcommit
2、tees.在工作群體內(nèi)是采用個(gè)人決策還群體決策，主要取決于問(wèn)題的性質(zhì)。lAdvantageofGroupsIndividualandgroupdecisionseachhavetheirownsetofstrengths.Neitherisidealforallsituations.Thefollowingidentifiesthemajoradvantagesthatgroupsofferoverindividualsinthemakingofdecisions:1.Morecompleteinform
3、ationandknowledge2.Increaseddiversityofviews3.Increasedacceptanceofasolution4.IncreasedlegitimacyNorthAmericanandmanyothercapitalisticsocietiesvaluedemocraticmethods.Thegroupdecisionmakingprocessisconsistentwithdemocraticidealsand,therefore,maybeperceived
4、asbeingmorelegitimatethandecisionsmadebyasingleperson.Whenanindividualdecisionmakerfailstoconsultwithothersbeforemakingadecision,thedecisionmaker’scompletepowercancreatetheperceptionthatthedecisionwasmadeautocraticallyandarbitrarily.lDisadvantagesofGroups
5、1.Timeconsuming2.PressurestoconformAsnotedpreviously,therearesocialpressuresingroups.Thedesirebygroupmemberstobeacceptedandconsideredanassettothegroupcanresultinsquashinganyovertdisagreement,thusencouragingconformityamongviewpoints.1.DominationbythefewGro
6、updiscussioncanbedominatedbytheoneorafewmembers.Ifthisdominantcoalitioniscomposedoflow-andmedium-abilitymembers,thegroup’soveralleffectivenesswillsuffer.2.AmbiguousresponsibilityGroupmembersshareresponsibility,butwhoisactuallyaccountableforthefinaloutcome
7、?Inanindividualdecision,itisclearwhoisresponsible.Inagroupdecision,theresponsibilityofanysinglememberiswatereddown.Effectivenessandefficiency:whethergroupsaremoreeffectivethanindividualsdependsonthecriteriayouusefordefiningeffectiveness.Intermsofaccuracy,
8、groupdecisionstendtobemoreaccurate.Theevidenceindicatesthat,ontheaverage,groupsmakebetterqualitydecisionsthanindividuals.However,ifdecisioneffectivenessisdefinedintermsofspeed,individualsaresuperior.Buteffectiveness
