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1、WORD格式可編輯組織行為學(xué)：群體決策Thebelief—characterizedbyjuries—thattwoheadsarebetterthanonehaslongbeenacceptedasabasiccomponentofNorthAmericanandmanyothercountries’legalsystems.Thebeliefhasexpandedtothepointthat,today,manydecisionsinorganizationsaremadebygroups,
2、teams,orcommittees.在工作群體內(nèi)是采用個(gè)人決策還群體決策，主要取決于問(wèn)題的性質(zhì)。lAdvantageofGroupsIndividualandgroupdecisionseachhavetheirownsetofstrengths.Neitherisidealforallsituations.Thefollowingidentifiesthemajoradvantagesthatgroupsofferoverindividualsinthemakingofdecisions:1
3、.Morecompleteinformationandknowledge2.Increaseddiversityofviews3.Increasedacceptanceofasolution4.IncreasedlegitimacyNorthAmericanandmanyothercapitalisticsocietiesvaluedemocraticmethods.Thegroupdecisionmakingprocessisconsistentwithdemocraticidealsand,
4、therefore,maybeperceivedasbeingmorelegitimatethandecisionsmadebyasingleperson.Whenanindividualdecisionmakerfailstoconsultwithothersbeforemakingadecision,thedecisionmaker’scompletepowercancreatetheperceptionthatthedecisionwasmadeautocraticallyandarbit
5、rarily.lDisadvantagesofGroups1.Timeconsuming專業(yè)技術(shù)知識(shí)共享WORD格式可編輯1.PressurestoconformAsnotedpreviously,therearesocialpressuresingroups.Thedesirebygroupmemberstobeacceptedandconsideredanassettothegroupcanresultinsquashinganyovertdisagreement,thusencouragi
6、ngconformityamongviewpoints.2.DominationbythefewGroupdiscussioncanbedominatedbytheoneorafewmembers.Ifthisdominantcoalitioniscomposedoflow-andmedium-abilitymembers,thegroup’soveralleffectivenesswillsuffer.3.AmbiguousresponsibilityGroupmembersshareresp
7、onsibility,butwhoisactuallyaccountableforthefinaloutcome?Inanindividualdecision,itisclearwhoisresponsible.Inagroupdecision,theresponsibilityofanysinglememberiswatereddown.Effectivenessandefficiency:whethergroupsaremoreeffectivethanindividualsdependso
8、nthecriteriayouusefordefiningeffectiveness.Intermsofaccuracy,groupdecisionstendtobemoreaccurate.Theevidenceindicatesthat,ontheaverage,groupsmakebetterqualitydecisionsthanindividuals.However,ifdecisioneffectivenessisdefinedintermsofspeed,individualsar
