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1、WORD格式可編輯1、1994年Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.Accordingtothenewschoolofscientists,technologyisanoverlookedforceinexpandingthehorizonsofscientificknowledge
2、.(71)Sciencemovesforward,theysay,notsomuchthroughtheinsightsofgreatmenofgeniusasbecauseofmoreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesandtools.(72)"Inshort",aleaderofthenewschoolcontends,"thescientificrevolution,aswecallit,waslargelytheimprovementandinventionanduseofase
3、riesofinstrumentsthatexpandedthereachofscienceininnumerabledirections."(73)Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignoredbyhistoriansandphilosophersofscience.ThemodernschoolthathailstechnologyalguesthatsuchmastersasG
4、alileo,Newton,Maxwell,Einstein,andinventorssuchasEdisonattachedgreatimportanceto,andderivedgreatbenefitfrom,craftinformationandtechnologicaldevicesofdifferentkindsthatwereusableinscientificexperiments.Thecenterpieceoftheargumentofatechnology-yes,genius-noadvocatewa
5、sananalysisofGalileo'sroleatthestartofthescientificrevolution.ThewisdomofthedaywasderivedfromPtolemy,anastronomerofthesecondcentury,whoseelaboratesystemoftheskyputEarthatthecenterofallheavenlymotions.(74)Galileo'sgreatestglorywasthatin1609hewasthefirstpersontoturnt
6、henewlyinventedtelescopeontheheavenstoprovethattheplanetsrevolvearoundthesunratherthanaroundtheEarth.Buttherealheroofthestory,accordingtothenewschoolofscientists,wasthelongevolutionintheimprovementofmachineryformakingeyeglasses.Federalpolicyisnecessarilyinvolvedint
7、hetechnologyvs.geniusdispute.(75)WhethertheGovernmentshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorviceversa(反之)oftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce.精美譯文新學(xué)派的科學(xué)家認為，技術(shù)是擴大科學(xué)知識的范圍中被忽視的力量。（71）他們說，科學(xué)的發(fā)展與其說源于天才偉人的真知灼識，不如說源于改進了的技術(shù)和工具等等更為普
8、通的東西。（72）新學(xué)派的一位領(lǐng)袖人物堅持說:“簡言之，我們所稱謂的科學(xué)革命，主要是指一系列器具的改進、發(fā)明和使用，這些改進、發(fā)明和使用使科學(xué)發(fā)展的范圍無所不及?！ 。?3）工具和技術(shù)本身作為根本性創(chuàng)新的源泉多年來在很大程度上被科學(xué)史學(xué)家和科學(xué)思想家們忽視了。為技術(shù)而歡呼的現(xiàn)代學(xué)派爭辯說，
