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1、簡談半導(dǎo)體外文翻譯簡談半導(dǎo)體外文翻譯導(dǎo)讀：aemores567附錄附錄A:外文資料翻譯—原文部分SemiconductorAsemiconductorisasolidmaterialthathaselectricalconductivitybetanentlyordynamically.[1]Semiconductorsareimportantinelectronictechnology.Semiconductordevices,electronicponentsmadeofsemiconductormaterials,ar
2、eessentialinmodernconsumerelectronics,includingputers,mobilephones,anddigitalaudioplayers.Siliconisusedtocreatemostsemiconductorsmercially,butdozensofothermaterialsareused.BraggreflectioninadiffuselatticeAsecondeberofelectronsfillsupexactlyallstatesbelos.Thesplitst
3、atesformacovalentbondostlyinbets.Addingmoreatomsnoorebonds.Thisistheedbyliftingoneelectronfromthelosaseasyaselectronsareodelismostunsuitabletoexplainhooothly.EnergybandsandelectricalconductionLikeinothersolids,theelectronsinsemiconductorscanhaveenergiesonlyicnuclei
4、ofthematerial,andthefreeelectronenergy,thematerial.Theenergybandseachcorrespondtoalargenumberofdiscretequantumstatesoftheelectrons,andmostofthestatesiconductorsandinsulatorsaredistinguishedfrommetalsbecausethevalencebandinthesemiconductormaterialsisverynearlyfullun
5、derusualoperatingconditions,thuscausingmoreelectronstobeavailableintheconductionband.Theeaseiconductorcanbeexcitedfromthevalencebandtotheconductionbanddependsonthebandgapbeticonductorsandinsulators.Inthepictureofcovalentbonds,anelectronmovesbyhoppingtoaneighboringb
6、ond.BecauseofthePauliexclusionprincipleithastobeliftedintothehigheranti-bondingstateofthatbond.Inthepictureofdelocalizedstates,forexampleinonedimensionthatisinaemores567簡談半導(dǎo)體外文翻譯(2)導(dǎo)讀：onstobethechargecarriers,butsomemetalshaveamostlyfilledconductionband,andtheHalle
7、ffectrevealspositivechargecarriers,econductorslikesolutionsofsalts,orplasma.Inthecaseofametal,onlyasmallamountofenergtatesforonedirectionthanfortheotherdirectionhavetobeoccupiedandforthisenergyisneeded.Forametalthiscanbeaverysmallenergyinthesemiconductorthenexthigh
8、erstateslieabovethebandgap.Oftenthisisstatedas:fullbandsdonotcontributetotheelectricalconductivity.Hoperatureofasemiconductorrisesaboveabsoluteze
