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1、StudiesonTransferinSecondLanguageAcquisitionAbstract:Transferisapervasivetermandthishasledtodiverseinterpretationsandresearchpracticesofit.Thispaperreviewedtherelatedliteratureontransferstudiesinsecondlanguageacquisition,linguisticstudiesandnon-linguistic.Italsomadeasurvey
2、aboutapproachesintransferstudies,nativespeakers’attitudestowardtransfer,andtransfersmadebyChineselearnersofEnglish.Itwasarguedthattransferresearchevolvedfromalinguistic-to-non-linguisticpath,andthereisanecessityinthecurrenttrendtoshiftfromtheformertothelatter.Keywords:tran
3、sfer,linguistictransfer,pragmatictransfer,secondlanguageacquisition1.DefiningtransferTransfer,derivedfromtheLatinword“transferre”,means“tocarry”,“tobear”or“toprint,impressorotherwisecopy(asadrawingorengraveddesign)fromonesurfacetoanother”(Webster’sThirdNewWorldInternationa
4、lDictionary,1986).Sotospeak,whenwesay“technologytransfer”,wemeanthetransferorcarry-overoftechnologyfromoneownertoanother.Transfercanalsomean“thecarry-overorgeneralizationoflearnedresponsesfromonetypeofsituationtoanother”,especially“theapplicationinonefieldofstudyoreffortof
5、knowledge,skill,power,orabilityacquiredinanother”(Webster’sThirdNewWorldInternationalDictionary,1986).Theuseof“transfer”in“l(fā)inguistictransfer”issuchanexample.Bylinguistictransfer,wemeanwhatthelearnerscarryovertoorgeneralizeintheirknowledgeabouttheirnativelanguage(NL)tohelp
6、themlearntouseatargetlanguage(TL).Heretransferdoesnotindicatewhetherwhatiscarriedoverisbadorgood.Thismeaningfromthedictionaryshowsthattransferisaneutralwordinoriginandnature.Linguisticsconcerns,inoverall,withthestaticstructureswithinalanguagesystem.ViewedfromtheTLgrammatic
7、alrules,certainNL-basedlinguistictransfersarefoundtocoincidewithlinguisticerrors.Inthisway,NL-basedlinguistictransfersaredividedintotwobroadtypes,positiveandnegative.ThoseNL-basedusesthatdonotleadtolinguisticerrorsarelabeledaspositivetransfer,whereasthosethatleadtoerrors,n
8、egativetransfer.Insecondlanguageclassroomteaching,apositivelinguistictransferisgenerallyn
