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1、長(zhǎng)孫皇后與“貞觀(guān)”時(shí)期的政治和社會(huì)曾絢艷(湖南師范大學(xué)歷史文化學(xué)院,湖南長(zhǎng)沙,410081)【摘要】“貞觀(guān)之治”是中國(guó)盛唐政治修明、國(guó)家富強(qiáng)安定的時(shí)代,它的迅速出現(xiàn),除了君明臣賢外,唐太宗的“賢內(nèi)助”——長(zhǎng)孫皇后也功不可沒(méi)。她雖沒(méi)有叱咤疆場(chǎng)輔君開(kāi)創(chuàng)帝業(yè)的風(fēng)范,可是她卻在不平凡的宮廷生活中以自己賢良無(wú)私、深明大義的品德和樸實(shí)無(wú)華的言行,內(nèi)助夫君鏟除政敵,為唐太宗登基立下了特殊功勛。開(kāi)創(chuàng)帝業(yè)后,她又憑著自己的政治才能和遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)才識(shí),不僅敢于犯顏直諫,而且保護(hù)和鼓勵(lì)忠臣直諫,使貞觀(guān)年間唐太宗能夠從諫如流;她最突出的政治見(jiàn)解就是防范外戚專(zhuān)權(quán),這就為“貞觀(guān)”時(shí)期的繁榮與穩(wěn)定奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。此外,她謙遜勤
2、儉、賢惠善良,促使“貞觀(guān)”年間崇德尚儉之風(fēng)盛行。因此,研究和探討長(zhǎng)孫皇后對(duì)“貞觀(guān)”時(shí)期政治和社會(huì)的影響,有利于進(jìn)一步了解唐朝政治權(quán)力的運(yùn)行機(jī)制、制約機(jī)制以及唐朝前期興盛的內(nèi)在動(dòng)因?!娟P(guān)鍵詞】長(zhǎng)孫皇后;“貞觀(guān)”時(shí)期;崇德尚儉EmpressZhangsunand“ZhenGuan”period’spoliticsandsocietyZengXuan—yan(HistoryandCultureCollegeofHunanNormalUniversity,HunanChangsha,410081)Abstract:“ZhenGuan’sRule”wastheperiodwhentheprospero
3、usTangDynastywasopen-mindedinpolitics,strongandstable.Itsrapidemergencedidn’tonlycontributetotheopen-mindedemperorandvirtuousofficials,butalsogavecredittotheemperor’svirtuouswife----empressZhangsun.Althoughshedidn’thavethemannerstyletogotothebatterfieldtohelphishusbandestablishthenewpower,shehelped
4、himrootouthispoliticalopponents,relyingonherselflessmannerstyle,andunadornedwordsanddeedsintheuncommonpalacelife.Shehadmadeparticularcontributiontohishusband’sassendingthethrone.Aftertheestablishmentofthenewpower,shedidn’tonlydaretogiveadvicetotheemperordirectly,butalsoprotectandencouragevirtuousof
5、ficialstogiveadvicedirectly,relyingonherpoliticaltalentandforesightinsight,whichmadetheemperortakeproperadviceintime;Hermostoutstandingpoliticalviewwastobeon8guardofthetheroyalrelativesondistaffsidetograbthepower,whichlaidasolidfondationfortheperiod’sprosperityandstability.Inaddition,shewasmodest,t
6、hrifty,virtuousandkindhearted,whichmadethriftwasadvocatedandcurrentduringthatperiod.Therefore,studingandinquringintoempressZhangsun’sinfluenceon“ZhenGuan”periodisconducivetocomprehendtheworkingandrestrictingmechanismoftheperiod’spoliticalpower,andtheinherentimpetusofearlyTangDynasty’sprosperity.Key
7、Words:empressZhangsun;“ZhenGuan”period;advocatemoralcharacterandthrift歷史記載長(zhǎng)孫皇后的史料較少,史學(xué)界對(duì)其研究也不多,到目前為止,還沒(méi)有單獨(dú)為其立傳的史書(shū),只是部分史學(xué)著作,如《資治通鑒》、《貞觀(guān)政要》、《舊唐書(shū)》、《新唐書(shū)》、《唐太宗傳》、《中國(guó)皇后全傳》等記載了長(zhǎng)孫皇后的某些言行。史書(shū)《資治通鑒》記載了長(zhǎng)孫皇后在政治上能夠保護(hù)、鼓勵(lì)忠