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1、車身鍍鋅鋼活性激光熔透焊試驗研究梅麗芳,王崢慧,嚴東兵,葛曉宏(廈門理工學(xué)院機械與汽車工程學(xué)院,福建廈門361024)摘要:為了研究活性焊接技術(shù)增大低功率激光連接強度的可行性,提高小功率激光焊的焊接效率和降低成本,本文采用活性激光焊接法,針對活性劑的添加對車身用鍍鋅鋼焊接性能的影響進行了研究,取得了焊縫熔寬變化、接頭顯微組織及力學(xué)性能等方面的研究數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)果表明:活性劑的涂覆有效提高了試樣對入射激光能量的吸收,增大了作用于試樣的激光功率密度,進而增大了母材金屬熔化量,使得焊縫熔寬增大。表層涂覆活性劑焊接試件接頭的微觀組織仍主要以等軸晶與柱狀晶為主,
2、晶粒有所細化,但熱影響區(qū)有所變大。此外,涂覆活性劑的焊接試件的抗拉強度和顯微硬度均優(yōu)于未涂覆活性劑焊接試件,表明活性劑的添加有效改善了低功率激光熔透焊試件的力學(xué)性能。關(guān)鍵詞:活性劑,激光焊接,熔寬,性能中圖分類號:TG456.7文獻標志碼:AResearchoflaserweldingofautomobilegalvanizedsteelwithactivatingfluxesMEILifang,WANGZhenghui,YANDongbing,GEXiaohong(DepartmentofMechanicalandAutomotiveEngin
3、eering,XiamenUniversityofTechnology,Xiamen361024)Abstract:Toincreasetheweldmeltzoneandenhancethemechanicalpropertiesofweldjoints,andtoimprovethelowpowerlaserweldingefficiencyandreducecost,thepossibilityoftheweldwidthimprovementontheweldingjointbylow-powerpulsedlaserwithactiva
4、tingfluxwasstudied.Basedontheresearchoflaserweldingofgalvanizedsteelwiththeflux,theeffectoftheactivatingfluxontheweldabilityofspecimens,aswellasthemechanismofweld-widthimprovement,wasstudied,andtherelevantdatawasreceived.Theresultsshownthattheweld-widthwasincreasedsignificant
5、lywiththeactivatingflux,astheresultoftheabsorptionoftheYAGlasercanbeimprovedeffectivelybysurfactantcoating,theheatinputwasincreasedandtheamountofthebasemetalmeltedenlarged.Inaddition,undertheactionofactivatingflux,thejointmicrostructureisstillmainlyequiaxedandcolumnargrain,bu
6、tthetemperaturegradientinthemeltzonewasincreasedwhichresultingingrainrefineimprovement,thetensilestrengthandhardnessofthejointsarebetterthanspecimensuncoatedactivatingfluxduetothedensemicrostructure,andthuseffectivelyimprovethelow-powerpulsedlaserdeeppenetrationweldingperform
7、ance.Keywords:activatingflux;laserweld;weldwidth;property1引言活性焊接概念,最早由烏克蘭的巴頓焊接研究所提出[1]。該技術(shù)是焊前在試樣待焊區(qū)域均勻涂覆一層具有特殊化學(xué)成分的活性焊劑,焊接時采用一定的焊接規(guī)范即可達到減少焊接缺陷、增加熱源熔透能力從而使焊接熔深得到大幅度的提高。它是一種簡便、節(jié)能、高效的焊接方法,最早應(yīng)用于TIG焊中。采用這種方法進行焊接后,針對3-12mm板厚的試樣無需開坡口,即可實現(xiàn)一次性焊接成型[2]?;钚约す夂附蛹夹g(shù)是近幾年基于活性焊接法在國際上迅速發(fā)展的焊接前沿新技
8、術(shù)。旨在將活性焊與激光焊結(jié)合起來實現(xiàn)提高激光吸收率、增大焊接熔透性、改善焊接質(zhì)量,提高焊接效率,降低生產(chǎn)成本的目的,將是今后激光焊接技術(shù)