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1、近期中國(guó)雞蛋市場(chǎng)形勢(shì)及展望張超于海鵬許振寶李于瓊務(wù)技術(shù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室摘要:在“117N9”流感疫情和季節(jié)性消費(fèi)淡季的雙重影響下,2016年9月至2017年5月蛋價(jià)8個(gè)月持續(xù)下跌,零售價(jià)從9.76元/kg跌至6.95元/kg,累計(jì)下跌28.8%,創(chuàng)近10年新低;蛋雞養(yǎng)殖效益也逐漸下降并處于虧損狀態(tài),虧損幅度達(dá)近5年最大,蛋雞存欄量逐漸下降。6月開始,在蛋雞存欄下降疊加高溫天氣抑制蛋雞生產(chǎn)性能的影響下,雞蛋供給減少,蛋價(jià)快速上漲,主產(chǎn)省批發(fā)價(jià)1個(gè)月內(nèi)上漲丫40.5%,創(chuàng)單周30.3%的歷史最高增幅。展望未來(lái),隨著前期補(bǔ)欄蛋雛雞以
2、及青年雞進(jìn)入產(chǎn)蛋期,蛋雞存欄將有所增加,加之高溫對(duì)蛋雞產(chǎn)能的影響消除,預(yù)計(jì)雞蛋市場(chǎng)供給將穩(wěn)中有增:而隨著雞蛋消費(fèi)節(jié)円效應(yīng)的消退,4季度雞蛋消費(fèi)呈現(xiàn)穩(wěn)中回落態(tài)勢(shì),雞蛋價(jià)格將進(jìn)入震蕩下行通道,但整體跌幅有限;蛋雞養(yǎng)殖將繼續(xù)保持盈利,盈利區(qū)間有所收窄。建議各生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)主體一是完善養(yǎng)殖風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防控機(jī)制,降低蛋雞行業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn);二是完善禽蛋監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警機(jī)制,引導(dǎo)市場(chǎng)決策;三是提升禽蛋精深加工能力,促進(jìn)市場(chǎng)供需穩(wěn)定;四是大力發(fā)展品牌雞蛋,提升雞蛋品質(zhì)建設(shè)。關(guān)鍵詞:雞蛋;價(jià)格;存欄景;蛋料比;養(yǎng)殖效益;監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警;臟作者簡(jiǎn)介:張超(1983—),男,甘
3、肅靈臺(tái)人,碩士,助理研究員,主要從事農(nóng)業(yè)信息分析與農(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警領(lǐng)域研究。E-mail:zhangchao02@caas.cn收稿日期:2017-09-18基金:農(nóng)業(yè)部項(xiàng)B“農(nóng)業(yè)信息監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警”China'sEggMarketinRecentYearsandItsProspectZhangChaoYuHaipengXuZhenbaoLiGanqiongAgriculturalInformationInstitute,ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences;KeyLabofAgricul
4、turalInformationServiceTechnology,MinistryofAgriculture;Abstract:Affectingbythe"117N9"fluepidemicandseasonallowconsumption,eggpricehasbeenfallingfrom9.76yuanperkilogramto6.95yuanperkilogram,ahistoricallowrecordinrecenttenyears,fromSep.2016toMay2017,decreasedby28.
5、8percent.Atthesametime,thebreedingbenefitskeptdecreasing,andgraduallycametoastateofloss,evengotanewlowrecordinrecentfiveyears,andthestockoflayerwasalsodecreasing.StartfromJune,theeggsupplydecreasedrapidlyundertheinfluencesoflowstockoflayerandhotweather,thenitmade
6、thepriceroseover40.5percentinsomemainproducingprovinceswithinonemonth,andalsomadearecordwithgrowthrateof30.3percentinoneweek.Lookingforwardtothefuture,asthepre-fillingchickensandyoungchickenscomingintothelayingperiod,thestockoflayinghenswillincrease;astheimpactof
7、hightemperaturedisappearing,eggmarketsupplyisexpectedtoincreasesteadily;astheeggholidayconsumptioneffectsubsiding,theeggconsumptioninthefourthquarterwillshowasteadydeclinetrend,andtheeggpricewillentertheshockdownstreamchannel,buttheoveralldeclineislimited;layingh
8、ensfarmingwillcontinuetoremainprofitable,buttheprofitmarginswillbecomemoreandmorenarrow.Lastbutnotleast,wesuggestedthat:improvingthebreedingriskpreventionandco