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1、High-EnergyPhysics:AnIntroductionBySharonButlerThisunofficialpaperaccompaniestheOECDGlobalScienceForum’s“ReportoftheConsultativeGrouponHigh-EnergyPhysics”whichrepresentstheconsensusfindingsandconclusionsofgovernment-appointeddelegates.Thenon-expertreadermaywishtoconsultthisintroducto
2、rypaperfirst,tobecomefamiliarwiththebasicconceptsandterminologyofhigh-energyphysics.SharonButlerisafreelancewriterbasedinChicago,Illinois.ShegratefullyacknowledgescontributionstothispaperfromMichaelPeskin(HeadoftheTheoreticalPhysicsGroupattheStanfordLinearAcceleratorCenter)andStefanM
3、ichalowskiofOECD.Whatishigh-energyphysics?High-energyphysicsisthestudyofthesmallestcomponentsofmatterandhowtheyinteract.Thesefundamentalparticlesarethestufffromwhichourentireworldismade.Invisibletothenakedeye–sotinythatthemostpowerfulelectronmicroscopecan’tseethem–theseparticles,ando
4、nlythese,composeourhomes,thecellsofourbodies,andthewarmraysoflightonasummer’sday.Somearenotevenparticlesofmatter:they’rebundlesofpureenergy.Instudyingthem,high-energyphysicistsseektolearnwhatourworldismadeof,howitisputtogether,andhowitworks.Remarkably,investigationsintothisinnerspace
5、ofourmaterialworldalsorevealmuchaboutouterspace.Approximately15billionyearsago,rightaftertheBigBang,ouruniversewasachaotic,undifferentiatedmixoffundamentalparticles.Galaxies,stars,planets–andeventuallyhumanbeings,refrigerators,andmosquitoes–allemergedfromtheseprimaryingredients.Whenh
6、igh-energyphysicistscreatefundamentalparticlesinthelaboratory,theymimicconditionsthatexistedbillionsofyearsagoinordertostudyhowouruniversebegan,howithasevolved,andevenhowitmightend.High-energyphysicistshopetotellusnotonlyhowourworldworks,butwhyitisthewayitis.Ifthefundamentalparticles
7、hadarrangedthemselvesdifferentlyintheearlystagesoftheuniverse–if,forexample,therewereasmallerproportionofcarbon,sulphur,andotherheavyelements–thephenomenonwecall“l(fā)ife”wouldnotbepossible.“Ouruniverse,andthelawsgoverningit,hadtobe(inawell-definedsense)ratherspecialtoallowouremergence,”
8、writesSirMar
