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1、第一講現(xiàn)在完成時講義1.構(gòu)成?????現(xiàn)在完成時是由助動詞have(has)+動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。它和主語的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。2.用法??????(1)動作發(fā)生在過去某個不確定的時間,但對現(xiàn)在有某種影響和結(jié)果。常被just、already、yet等副詞修飾。如:???????-Haveyouhadlunchyet?????-Yes,Ihave.I'vejusthadit.????????你(已經(jīng))吃午飯了嗎?我剛剛吃過。(現(xiàn)在我不餓了)??????(2)表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。這個動作可
2、能剛停止,可能仍然在進(jìn)行?! ∪纾篒havetaughtheresince2011.??????????????我自2011年就在這兒教書。(可能還要繼續(xù)教)??????????????Ihave'tseenmybestfriendforfouryears.??????????????我有四年沒見到我最好的朋友了。???????(3)表示說話前發(fā)生過一次或多次的動作,現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗(yàn),一般譯為漢語“過”,常帶有twice,ever,never,threetimes等時間狀語。???????如:Ihavebeento
3、Beijingtwice.我去過北京二次。3.現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語??????(1)現(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍,故不能和過去的時間狀語連用。如:yesterday,lastSunday,in1990,threeyearsago等。???????a.用副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑問句中。如:Wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework.我們已完成作業(yè)了。??????????????????????????Theyhaven'tfinishedt
4、heirhomeworkyet.他們還沒有完成作業(yè)。???????b.用ever和never。多用于否定或疑問句中,表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未“等。?如:-HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎?????????????????-IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我從未去過長城。???????c.用表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語,如just,before,uptonow,thepastfewyears等?! ±纾篒haveseenherbefore,butI
5、cannotrememberwhere.?我以前見過她,但記不起在哪里見過?! ???????Hehasbeentherethreetimesthelastfewdays.?近幾年他去過那里三次了。????????d.用包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時間狀語,如:now,today,thismorning(month,year,term)等。例如:-Haveyoumethimtoday?-No,Ihaven't.?今天你見過他嗎?我沒有。?Howmanytimeshaveyoubeentherethisyear??今年你去過
6、那里多少次???????(2)since+時間點(diǎn),for+時間段Ihaven'tseenhimfortwoyears.?=Ihaven’tseenhimsincetwoyearsago.表示“一段時間”的狀語要和延續(xù)性動詞連用。???????arrive→behere???????????????????begin(start)→beon???????die???→bedead???????????????????comeback→beback???????leave→beaway?????????????????
7、??fallill(sick,asleep)→beill(sick,asleep)???????getup→beup??????????????????????goout????→beout???????finish→beover????????????????????puton???→wear或beon???????open?→beopen???????????????????join??????→bein或beamemberof…?close?→beclosed?????????????????gotoscho
8、ol→beastudent???????borrow?→keep?????????????????????buy???→have????????????????????catch(acold)→have(acold)??gettoknow→know???????begintostudy→study????????????cometowork→work等如:H