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《增強(qiáng)與阻燃聚氨酯硬泡的制備與性能研究》由會(huì)員上傳分享,免費(fèi)在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在學(xué)術(shù)論文-天天文庫。
1、短曼占釜亟主里塞蘭蘭些堡塞塑墾摘要聚氨酯硬泡具有密度小、強(qiáng)度高、導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)低,隔音、防水、施工方便等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。但是作為結(jié)構(gòu)材料,還缺乏一定的強(qiáng)度和剛度;另外聚氨酯泡沫本質(zhì)上屬高度易燃材料,這些都限制了聚氨酯硬泡的應(yīng)用。為了改善聚氨酯硬泡這兩方面缺點(diǎn),本文通過添加增強(qiáng)劑和阻燃劑的方法制備了高密度增強(qiáng)聚氨酯硬泡和低密度阻燃聚氨酯硬泡兩種材料,達(dá)到了改善硬泡性能的目的。結(jié)合制備,本文還研究了:(1)聚氨酯硬泡結(jié)構(gòu)與性能的關(guān)系,(2)聚氨酯硬泡增強(qiáng)和斷裂的細(xì)觀特征,(3)添加型阻燃劑對(duì)聚氨酯硬泡的阻燃效果的影響,得到結(jié)論如下:1.原料的選擇和配比能夠影響聚氨酯硬泡的結(jié)構(gòu),繼而影響材料的性能。2.聚氨酯硬泡
2、發(fā)泡過程中形成的泡孔互穿是材料斷裂微裂紋的形核地點(diǎn),材料的斷裂基本屬于脆性斷裂,但是也有部分的韌性斷裂。3.纖維和顆粒的增強(qiáng)分別對(duì)材料的拉伸強(qiáng)度和壓縮強(qiáng)度有更好的貢獻(xiàn);混雜增強(qiáng)能夠得到拉伸和壓縮強(qiáng)度均優(yōu)異的聚氨酯硬泡結(jié)構(gòu)材料;增強(qiáng)的機(jī)理除了在于增強(qiáng)物的貢獻(xiàn)之外,還在于增強(qiáng)物的添加作為材料泡孔的形核點(diǎn),達(dá)到了細(xì)化泡孔,增加了材料的機(jī)械性能的目的。4.阻燃劑的添加能夠在一定范圍內(nèi)提高材料的氧指數(shù),并會(huì)改變材料的泡孔結(jié)構(gòu):在材料燃燒后期,阻燃劑在聚氨酯硬泡表面形成生焦炭層,阻止了材料的進(jìn)一步燃燒,起到了阻燃的效果;兩種阻燃劑的添加能起到一定的協(xié)同作用,并能降低物料的粘度,改善制備工藝。關(guān)鍵詞:聚氨
3、酯硬泡,結(jié)構(gòu)材料,阻燃材料,形貌,結(jié)構(gòu),性能,阻燃AbstractRigidPolyurethaneFoam(RPUF)hasaseriesofexcellentproperties,suchaslowdensity,highstrength,lowthermoconductivity,easyprocessing,andwaterproof.Asastructurematerial,however,itlackscertainstrengthandstiffness,andisacombustiblematerialwhichrestrainsitsfurtherapplicatlons.
4、Inordertoovercomethesetwoshortcomings,high-densityreinforcedRPUFandlow-densityflame-retardantRPUFwerepreparedillthispaperbyaddingreinforcementsandflame·retardantagents.TherelationshipbetweenpropertiesandstructureofRPUF,mesoscopiccharacteristicsresearchonfractureandreinforcementofRPUF,andtheeffectof
5、flame-retardantsadditiveontheflameretardancyofRPUFweresystematicallycarriedout.Theobtainedresultsareasfollows:Firstly,selectionandproportionoflawmaterialscanaffectthestructureandasaresultinfluencethepropertiesofthematerial.Secondly,cellinterpenetrationengenderedduringbubblephaseisthemicrocrackofthe
6、foamandactedasdefectsofthematerial.nedamageofthehigh-densityRPUFbelongstothebrittlefractureapproximatelyinspiteofsomeplasticdeformmieninlocalarea.Thirdly,apparentdensitybeingunchangeable,reinforcingagentscouldimprovethepropertiesofthem'UF,fiberandparticlecouldenhancetensilestrenIgthandcompressstren
7、gthmoreoutstandinglyseparately.F0unhly,theexperimentalresultsshowthatLimitedoxygenindex(LeOvalueswereincreasedwiththeincreasecontentofTCEPanddensityofRPUEAddingofflame-retardantschangedstructureofRPUEWitIlt