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1、說原始儒學與近代科學的會通劉源俊東吳大學摘要:原始儒學與近代科學雖然是不同的兩門學問,但在精神方面頗有可相會通之處。首先,原始儒學有“務(wù)實、明理、利用”的態(tài)度,“求是、求美、求善”的精神,此與現(xiàn)代學問精神相符合。其次,現(xiàn)代科學是人文的事業(yè),孔子“人能弘道,非道弘人”的態(tài)度與愛因斯坦的“物理……只能經(jīng)由放心的發(fā)明獲取”的說法,及現(xiàn)代物理學“天先于人,而人先于天理”的哲學是相通的?;谶@一體認,本文乃對《中庸》的“天命之謂性,率性之謂道,修道之為教”一句提出全新的詮釋。最后,本文也探討了過去中國科學落后的原因,指出發(fā)展新文化須是采擷西方文化屮能與固有文化兼容而優(yōu)良的部分,揚
2、棄其余,近代科學與原始儒學應(yīng)是且應(yīng)能相互補充的。關(guān)鍵詞:原始儒學;科學精神;物理;客觀;真;作者簡介:劉源?。?946—),男,上海人,臺灣東吳大學名譽教授,原校長,研究方向:理論物理學,科學教育,高等教育,文化發(fā)展。收稿日期:2017-03-07OntheLinkbetweenPrimitiveConfucianismandModernScienceLIUYuanjunSoochowUniversity;Abstract:ThispaperarguesthatwhereasprimitiveConfucianismandmodernscienceareentirely
3、differentdisciplinesofscholarship,theyshareconcordanceinseveralspiritualaspects.Firstofall,primitiveConfucianismvaluestheattitudesofsincerity,reasonandutilizationwiththespiritofpursuingforprinciple,eleganceandgoodness,whichareparalleltothoseofmodernscholarship.Secondly,modernscienceisane
4、nterpriseofhumanism;Confucius,sdttitudcascxhibitcdinhissaying"Itisthemanthatbuildsuptheprinciples,andnottheviceversa,”isconcordanttotheEinstein'snotionasexpressedin“Physicscanonlybeattainedbyfreeinvention,”andisfurthercompatibletothemodernphilosophyofscienceasexpressedin"Natureisearliert
5、hemman,butmanisearlierthannaturalscicnco.”ThispaperprosentsthusarcncwedinterpretationabouttheenunciationatthebeginningoftheDoctrineoftheMean:“Thehumannatureisofnaturalendowment;theprinciplesfollowthehumannature;andcultivationmeansthebettermentoftheprinciples.”Tntheend,thepaperexploresals
6、othereasonsforthelaggingofdevelopmcntofscicnccinChinainthepast,emdpointsoutthattodevelopanewChinesecultureweneedtopickandassimilatethosefavorablepartsoftheWesternculturethatarecompatiblewiththetraditionalgoodoneswhi1ediscardingtherest.ModernscieneeandprimitiveConfucianismshouldandmayinfa
7、ctcomplementeachother.Keyword:primitiveConfucianism;scicntificspitit;physics;objectivity;truth;Received:2017-03-07一、從學問說起先從現(xiàn)代學問說起。任何學問要從三方面談——知識層面、方法層面與精神層面。就知識層面而言,英文與法文的sciences(復(fù)數(shù)),德文的Wisscnschaftcn或俄文的haykh,日本人將之譯為科學(寓意“分科之學”),尚稱達意,無妨沿襲。清末一度稱之為“格致學”,現(xiàn)己過時。關(guān)于知識的分野,以艾德勒(