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1、DIRECTANDINDIRECTTRUSTANDRECIPROCITY^NancyR.Buchan*RachelT.A.Croson**RobynM.Dawes***AbstractWeexaminetheextenttowhichpeopletrustandreciprocateinsituationsofdirectandindirectreciprocity.Ourfirststudyshowsthatasthepotentialfordirectreciprocitybetweenthetrustora
2、ndreciprocatordecreases,levelsoftrustandreciprocationdecreasealso;yet,onaverage,theselevelsremainsignificantlyaboveequilibriumpredictions.OursecondstudyextendstheseresultstothreeAsiancountries.Wefindnotonlythatlevelsoftrustandreciprocationvaryacrosscountries,
3、butthatthedrop-offsintrustacrossdirectandindirectreciprocityconditionsvaryacrosscountriesaswell.Thesedifferencesindrop-offssuggestasignificantcountryinfluenceontheboundariesoftrust.^WethanktheparticipantsattheEconomicScienceAssociation,theSocietyforJudgmentan
4、dDecisionMaking,andtheEuropeanAssociationofExperimentalSocialPsychologymeetingsalongwithseminarparticipantsatYale,TexasA&MUniversityandUCSanDiegofortheirinsightfulcommentsandfeedbackonthisresearch.WearealsogratefultoPeterDicksonforhisinputonthemanuscript.Thes
5、econdauthor’sresearchwassupportedbyNSFgrantSES#98-76079-001.43I.IntroductionInarecentissueofScience,biologistshailtrustandreciprocityasthe“basisofallhumansystemsofmorality”[NowakandSigmund,2000].Indeed,thegrowingliteratureontrustacrossanumberofacademicfieldsf
6、ocusesonitscentralitytoeveryareaofourlives.Economistshavedemonstratedthatariseincountry-leveltrustincreaseseconomicgrowth[KnackandKeefer1997].Politicalscientistsandeconomistshaveshownthattheleveloftrustinasocietyinfluencesgovernmentalandjudicialefficiency[Put
7、nam1993;LaPorta,etal.1997].Psychologistsmaintainthattrustplaysaprominentroleintheemergenceofcooperationinproblemsofcollectiveaction[Dawes1980].Businessresearchershaveclaimedthatbeinga“trustedcooperator”withinaglobalnetworkisrequisitetoachievingcompetitiveadva
8、ntage[MorganandHunt1994].FinallyAlanGreenspanunderscoredthecriticalnatureoftrusttooureconomicwayoflife,“Trustisattherootofanyeconomicsystembasedonmutuallybeneficialexchange…ifasignificant
