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1、第30卷第11期儀器儀表學(xué)報(bào)Vol.30No.112009年11月ChineseJournalofScientificInstrumentNov.2009*激光跟蹤視覺導(dǎo)引測(cè)量系統(tǒng)的全局校準(zhǔn)方法魏振忠,孫文,張廣軍,任少盟(精密光機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室北京航空航天大學(xué)北京100191)摘要:針對(duì)柔性裝配中現(xiàn)有激光跟蹤測(cè)量系統(tǒng)存在效率低、成本高、自動(dòng)化程度低等問題,提出用單目視覺系統(tǒng)聯(lián)合激光跟蹤儀實(shí)現(xiàn)大尺寸組合式自主導(dǎo)引測(cè)量。為實(shí)現(xiàn)該系統(tǒng)的全局校準(zhǔn),提出了一種新的基于平面的全局校準(zhǔn)方法,該方法通過獲取靶標(biāo)平面分別在視覺系統(tǒng)和激光跟蹤儀坐標(biāo)
2、系中的平面方程,求解兩坐標(biāo)系間轉(zhuǎn)換矩陣,完成系統(tǒng)全局校準(zhǔn)。建立了數(shù)學(xué)模型,進(jìn)行了算法仿真和全局校準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)中測(cè)量30個(gè)不同位姿的平面靶標(biāo),并進(jìn)行全局校準(zhǔn)。結(jié)果表明,該方法操作簡(jiǎn)單,穩(wěn)定性強(qiáng),有實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值,校準(zhǔn)后平面法向量夾角、原點(diǎn)到平面距離的RMS誤差分別為0.13°和1.50mm。關(guān)鍵詞:全局校準(zhǔn);視覺導(dǎo)引;激光跟蹤儀;柔性裝配中圖分類號(hào):TP391.41文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)學(xué)科分類代碼:460.4030Globalcalibrationmethodforlaser-trackingmeasurementsystembasedonvis
3、ionguidingWeiZhenzhong,SunWen,ZhangGuangjun,RenShaomeng(KeyLaboratoryofPrecisionOpto-mechatronicsTechnology,MinistryofEducation,BeihangUniversity,Beijing100191,China)Abstract:Aimingattheproblemsoflowefficiency,lowautomatizationandhighcostexistingintraditionallasertrackingmea
4、surementsystemwidelyusedindigitalflexibleassemblytechnique,acombinedhomingmeasurementsystemforlarge-scalepartassemblyisproposed.Alasertrackerandamonocularvisionsystemarecombinedinthesystemtofulfillthehomingmeasurementof3Dcoordinatesofbenchmarksinparts.Tocalibratethesystem,an
5、ewglobalcalibrationmethodbasedonspatialplanesisproposed.Globalcalibrationisfulfilledbyacquiringplaneequationsofplanartargetatdiversepo-sitionsandorientationsinthecoordinateframesofboththevisionsystemandlasertrackerrespectively,andcalculatingthetransformationmatrixbetweenthet
6、wocoordinateframes.Thedatameasuredinthevisionsystemarethencombinedwiththosemeasuredinthelasertracker.Amathematicalmodelwasestablished,andsimulationwascarriedout.Toevaluatetheprecisionofthemethod,globalcalibrationexperimentwasaccomplished.Theplaneequationsofplanartargetmeasur
7、edat30diversepositionsandorientationsweretakenintocalibration.Experimentresultsshowthatthismethodfeaturessimpleopera-tion,highstabilityandbrightfutureforpracticalapplication;theRMSerrorsfortheanglesertrackeroriginandtheplanesare0.13°and1.50mm,respectively.Keywords:globalcali
8、bration;visionguiding;lasertracker;flexibleassembly[2]采用激光跟蹤測(cè)量系統(tǒng),它具有測(cè)量精度高、測(cè)